Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/220

* HOOF. 192 HOOK. HOOF (AS. h6f, OHG. huof, Gcr. Huf; con- nected Willi OC'liurcli Slav, kopyto, hoof, or with Slit, mjiha, Av. mfa, hoof). The exterior horny covering of the foot of many animals. The healthy soundness of llic horse's foot is mainly preserved hy |)erniitting it to ■;''ow uninjured by the rasp and knife; its toughness is secured, and undue dryness and evaporation prevented, hy smearing daily the crust, sole, and frog with a little glycerin, or a mixture of a pound of lard and a quarter of a pound each of tar, honey, bees- wa., and glycerin melted together. Softness and brittlcness of the hoof, which are common sources of cracks and corns, may be remedied by the regular use of such dressings, by placing the feet for several hours daily in tliiek woolen swabs, kept cool and moist by fretpient applications of cold water, and by encouraging a more healthy growth of horp by occasional mild blisters round the coronary band. Cracks, or sand-cracks, as they are termed, mostly occur among horses much upon the road, cause lameness, and con- stitute unsoundness. When .serious and recent, poulticing, thinning away of the crust about the crack, and perfect rest are essential, .fter the earlier lieat and tenderness are removed a hot iron should be drawn at right angles to the crack, both above and below, so as to separate the diseased from the sound horn. Waxed thread or fine wire should be wound round the hoof, and a soimd growth of horn stimulated by a blister round the coronet. The horse's hoofs are too liard and coarse to be employed for the making of the bet- ter class of combs and buttons, for which purpose the hoofs of cattle are extensively employed. They are, however, largely used by nianufaitMrers of prussiate of potash and artificial manures. See Corn. HOOFT, hiift. PlETER foHNKUSZOON (1381- !(i47l. -V Dutch poet and historian, born in Am- sterdam. He was the son of an Amsterdam bur- gomaster; received a thorough cducati(m in the elassifis, and made an extensive journey tbnmgh France, Germany, and Italy, .ftcr his return in 1601 he studieil jurisprudence at I-eyden. and was appointed bailiff of Muiden. At the Castle of Muiden and in Amslerdam he gathered around him the most celcl)rat<>d artists, poets, and scholars of the day, known in Dutch literary history as the 'Muiden circle.' He is considered one of the first, if not the first, of Dutch prose writers, despite his too fre- quent Latinisms. His letters are particularly charming, and are free from this failing, .mong his poetical works are the pastoral play in Ital- ian style. (Jranida ( 161.')), the tragedies Qheraert van Vchcn (161.'?), Thrsrus en Ariadne (1614), and Bac^o (162G). His chief historical works are Hendrik dc Oroole (1626) : h'nmfiznriliiilirdrn drr verheffinfihe ^•an htiize Mediris (1636) ; De A'ed- erlandsciie flistorirn (2 vols., 1042). The latter is one of the classics of Dutch literature and Hooft's chief work. He also translated Tacitus, of whom he was an imitator, and he is often called the 'Dutch Tacitus.' His Poems were pub- lished in 16.30 (new complete edition, ed. P. Leendertz, Haarlem, 1864). His erotic verse is particularly nofablc as being the first of this genre to appear in Dutch literature. Consult his lireven, edited by .T. van VIoten (Levden, 18.5.5- 57). HOOGE"V^EEN, ho'cc viin'. One of the fen colonies of the Netherlands, situateil in the Prov- ince of Drenthe (Map: Netherlands, E 2). It has extensive peat-mines and shipyards. Popula- tion, in 18.S!l, 11,702; in 1899, ll",924. HOOGLY, hr^r^/li. One of the arms of the Ganges. See 11 rci.i. HOOGSTRAETEN, hoc'strii'tcn, Samielvan (1627-78). A Dutch painter, born at Dordrecht. He was the pupil of his father. Dirk van Hoog- stracten ( lo!Hi-l(i40), an artist, and afterwards of Rembrandt. He beg-an as a portrait painter in the manner of his last master, but afterwards was influenced by the Italian school and did land- scape and still life. In this style he is reminis- cent of Pieter de Hooch. In 1651 he went to V'ieiuia and Komc, and also paid a visit to Eng- land (1653). He is the author of an Inlroduc- tion to the llujh Art School (1678), which is full of admiration for Rembrandt. His paintings in- clude: "A Lady Walking in a Court," "Old .few," "Innir Court of a Kortress," and "A Sick Girl." HOOGSTRATEN, hoo'strli'trn, .Jakou van (c.l4.'>4-1527 ). A ISelgian priest and iiKpiisitor, born at Hoogstraeten. He entered the Dominican Order and i)ecame doctor and professor of the- ology, and prior of the rd<'r at Cologne. He is widely known tlirougli bis connection with the celebrated lniiii;inisl Rcuchlin. Hoogstratcn pro- po.sed to burn all the .lewish books, on the ground that they contained nothing but calumnies against Christ. Roiclilin persuaded the Emjieror Maximilian against this course, and thereby in- curred the enmity of the incpiisitor, who subjected him to every persecution. Thereupon there cti sued the polemic war called by ICrasmus "The be ginning of the Lutheran tragedy." and this was the occa>ion of the famous Hjiistolir OltKciironiDi ^ irorum. Iloogstraten's epitjiph, as composed by his enemii's, is a severe arraignment of the man's character — flic jaccl llooiistraliis r"'''n- lem ferre patitiic ijucm potiierc iiinii, noii po- tuere honi. Among his treatises are Dc-tlructio Cabbala- contra Reiirhlinum (1518). and De Chrinliaiia libertale Tractatus V. contra Lu- thrriim (1.526). HOOK, .IAME.S Clarke (1819—). An English painter, born in London. He studied in the Royal Aca<lcniy. and in 1840 won a scholarship by his picture "Rizpah," and went to Italy. In 1860 he became an academician. ITis Engli.sh pa.storal subjects are most popular, though his first works were nearly always of Italian scenes. Among his paintings are: "Mother Carey's Chick- ens." "Breton Fishermen's Wives." "Morning After a Gale." "Market Girls," "LulT, Boy," and "A Surrey Stream." His work is characterized by strong brilliant color and fresh realistic treatment. HOOK, Theodore Edward (1788-1841). An English wit and novelist, son of .lames Hook, a musical composer, born in London. September 22, 1788. Educated mostly at private schools, he attended for a short time Harrow and Oxford. Between 1805 and 1811. while yet a boy, he pro- duced, either single-handed or in conjunction with his father, thirteen comic operas and melodramas, nil of which were popular at the time. His ready wit, sparkling humor, and wonderful powers of improvisation made him the delight of society; and having pleased the Prince Regent, he was appointed (1813) Aceountant-General and Trcas-