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* HOHENLINDEN. 134 HOHENLOHE. nicli, which WIS the Archduke's objective point. In three columns the Austriuns advanced to the attack through forest and ravines in a blinding snow-storm. Alorcnn contented himself with hold- ing them in check until Kichcpanse. whom he had sent around the enemy's Hank, reached the Aus- trian rear. Then he hurled Xey ajiainst their front. Kichcpanse delivered his attack from the rear, and the Austrian army was destroyed between the two French forces. The Aus- triaiis lost 20.000 men and 1(10 guns, while Moreau's loss amnuntcil to only 5000. The battle hastened the conclusion of peace at Luncvillc, Fcliruuiy '.». ISOl. HOHENLOHE. hr/cn-luV. Fornjerly an earl- dom, later a principality, in Franconia, Germany. It was mediatized in ISOIi. the main portion being assigned to Wiirttemberg and a part to Bavaria. HOHENLOHE. A princely family of Ger- many, claiming de-^ccnt from Klicrhard. one of the early dukes of Franconia. The family first ap- pears in history in the early part of the twelfth cenlu^^■ in possession of the Castle of Holloeh, near t'lTenheim. The first count we hear of is ITeinrich. who lived in the twelfth century. He left two sons, Konrad and Gottfried, who followed the fortunes of the Hohensfaufen, and founiled. respectively, the lines of Hohenlohe- Brauneck and IIohenlohe-Holloch. Tlie former became suhdividi'd into the Haltenl>crgstetten and Braunivk branches, both of which were ex- tinct in 1300; the latter into the Weikersheim and riTenheim, or Speckfeld, branches, of which the latter became extinct in H12. In 1.5.51 a new- division in the Weikersheim line gave rise to the branches of llohenlohe-Xeuenstein and ITohcn- lohc-Waldcnburg. which still continue. In the Reformation the Xeuenstcin branch became Prot- estant, while the WaUlcnburg counts remained Catholic. Princely rank was conferred upon the latter branch in 1744, and on the former in 17C4. Of the Xeuenstcin branch there were two lines: Oehringen, extinct in 1S0.5, and I-angcnburg, the latter being further subdivided into the Holien- lohe-Inpclfingen •( Oehringen after 180.5). and Hohenlohc-Kirchbcrg. extinct in 1S(!1. The Wal- denlmrg branch formed two lines: Bartenstein, with the cadet branch of .Jagstberg. and Schil- lint'sf first, to which was added the Duchy of Ratibor. Among the prominent members of the Hr.henlohe family are: Friedrich Linwic, Prince of HonExionE- Ixr.Ei.Fi.NOEX (1740-1818). He distinguished himself at the storming of Weissenburg (1793), and won the battle of Kaiscrslautern (Sep- tember 20. 1794). After the defeat of Jena, in which he shared, he succeeded the Puke of Bruns- wick in command and capitulated at Prenzlau with 17.000 men (October 28. ISOfi). For this he was severely censured and forced to retire from further participation in the camyiaign. — Kr.vft Karl Augist Edi'abd Friedrich, Prince of Hoiiexi-OIIE-Inoelkixgen (1827-02). A Prussian general of artillery. He received a thorough training for the artillery service, and was placed in several positions of responsibilily. In 1866 he held an important command at Sadowa. ond in 1H70 he commanded the artillery of the Guards in all its engagements, including .'saint- Privat and Sedan. He was chief of artillery at the siege of Paris. He was made a lieutenant-general in 1873, adjutant-general in 1875, general of in- fantry in 1883, and general of artillery in 1889. He died in Dresden, January 10, 1892. He wag the author of several works on military science: Mililurisclie liricfe (1887-90); Slrateifischo Priefc (1887) ; Die Feldartilleric in Hirer Vnter- slcllung tinier die Ueneralkommandos (1889); Ideen iibcr ISefestigungen (1888) ; also, Gcujiracha iibrr Ucilcr<i (1887). — CiiLoiiWhi Karl Vktor, Prince of Hoiikni.oheSciiii.i.in^.si i-r.st. Duke of Katibob and Korvei ( 1.SI9-I901 ). Chancellor of the German Kmpire from 18114 to 1900. He was born March 31, 1810, at Uotenburgan-der- Fulda. His mother was a princess of Holienlohe- l.angcnburg. He studied political science and jurisprudence at Heidelberg, Giittingen, and Bonn. Before he came to his title of Duke of Batilior and of Konei. in 1H4.5, he held olFiccs in connection with the law courts at Klirenbreitstein and Potsdam. In the Bavarian Diet he opposed the ritramonlancpolicy. and in ISOO he strove to bring over Bavaria to the side of Prussia. At the close of the year he became Bavarian Minis- ter of Foreign .MTairs and jircsident of the ^linisterial C^ouncil. holding odice till March, 1870. His etTorts in behalf of a united Germany Ions met with fierce opposition, but he saw clearly the triumph of the cause for which he had worked, and entered the First German Reichs- tag as a member of the lirirhspr.rtei. In 1S74 he was appointed German Ambassador to Paris, and in 1878 he was the third German Plenipotentiary at the Congress of Berlin. In 1885 he became Governor of Alsace-I.orraine, in which position he displayed conspicuous tact. On the resig- nation of Count Caprivi. in 1S04. Prince Hohen- lohe was created Imperial Chancellor. This ofllce he resigned in 1000. being succeeded by Count von Billow. During his long career in German poli- tics Prince Iloli'enlobe did much to promote Ger- man unity. He had to face the hostility of the anti-Unionists in Bavaria, and was one of Bis- marck's chief supporters in that statesman's Imperial policy. As Governor of Alsace-Lor- raine. Ilohenlohe aided greatly in teutonizing the provinces. .s Chancellor he promoted the , colonial policy, and favored the creation of a powerful navy. He was a favorite with William II., whose masterful policy he did not oppose, and with whom he was on the best of terms up to the time of his resignation, in October, 1900. It was said that the cause of his resigning the Chancel- lorship was dissatisfaction with the advanced or 'forward' policy favored by the Emperor, espe- ciallv in so far as it related to China. He died at Ragatz. Switzerland. Julv fi. 1901. — Gustav Adolf (1823-90). Prince of Hoiiemxjiie-Sciiil- l.INGSFt'RST. . brother of the Chancellor. He took holy orders in 1840. and became in 1S.57 Bishop of Kdessa in partihuft. and almoner to Pius I.K. He was made a cardinal in 1800. He was opposed to .Jesuit influence in Rome, and endeavored to prevent the Kulturkampf (q.v.). He was sent to Rome in 1872 as Ambassador to the Holy See, but his appointment was rejected by Pius IX. He returned to Rome in 1876. and subsequently gained the favor of Leo XIII. From 1879 to 1884 he was Bishop of Albano. and became subsequently Archpriest of Santa Maria Magsiore in Rome. He died in Rome. October 30. 1806. — Hermann. Prince of Hoheniohe- LANGENntRO (1832—). He entered the W(irt- temberg army, was in the Austrian service from