Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/155

* HOGNOSE. 133 HOHENLINDEN. ners. Three species form the colubrine genus lleterodon. all confined to North America, ex- clusive of tlie Pacific Coast anil Mexico. The best known species ( Heterodon platyrhinus) is one of our most conunon and widespread snakes. It is usually about two, but may be three, feet long, and is normally reddish-brown above, heavily lilotched or obscurely barred with a darker tint; and underneath is j^reenish-white. Great variety in color and markings exist, however, and many seem sootv black or dark slate' all over. It is HEADS OF HOQNOSE SNAKES. 1. Heterodon platyrhinus. 2. Face of same. 3. Hetero- don nasieus. 4. Heterodon simus. always to be recognized by its pig-like snout and its extraordinary behavior when disturbed. It is timid and will hide or escape when possible; but if surprised or cornered it will throw itself into vigorous contortions, and perhaps soon tumble over on its back as if dead; or, more probably, it will inflate its long lung until its body swells up like a sausage, and at tho same time extend its anterior ribs until its neck is surprisingly broad and flat, and then, opening wide its great mouth, will blow and hiss loudly. This alarm- ing menace is meant to terrify its foes, and has led to the popular names of 'blowing viper,' 'spreading adder,' etc., and to the general belief that it must be very poisonous. Its blotched back, easily mistaken by the unobserving for that of a copperhead, adds to its evil reputation. Never- theless, this snake is entirely harmless, and when handled is found to be so gentle that it can hardly be forced to bite. It feeds on mice, frogs, insects, birds' eggs, and so on, all obtained on the ground, for it is un- able to climb trees. It lays a number of eggs, about an inch in length, in loose soil, into which it burrows for tins purpose. The eggs are cov- ered with a tough parchment-like coat, and prob- ably hatch in a few days. There seems to bo no precise time of laying; young have been re- jiorted from Jlay until September. The young just issued from the egg will go through their contortions and hissing w'lien molested, as do the adults. Much interesting information as to their breeding and other habits, collected by Abbott, Hay, and others, will be found summarized in Cope, Crocodilians, Lizards, and Snakes, pub- lished bv tho Smithsonian Institution (Washing- ton. 19001. The Southern States have a second species [Heterodon simus), and Texas and the Mexican border a third (lleterodon nasieus). in which the point of the snout is lonsjer and more up- turned than in the Northern forms. HOG-PLTIM, Sp.N-isn Pum, and I1r.zili.>- Pn'M. Names given in the West Indies and other tropical countries to the fruit of certain species of Spondias. a genus which belongs to the nat- ural order .Anacardiaceae. The species are trees and shrubs with pinnate leaves, with terminal leaflets, and flowers in racemes or panicles. Some of them produce very pleasant fruits, among which may be mentioned Spondias pur- purea and Spondias lutea, which are generally called hog-plum in the West Indies, because the fruits are a common food of hogs. Spondias purpurea has fruit about an inch in length, ovate or oblong, purple or variegated with yel- low; yellow pulp with a peculiar but agreeable acid and aromatic taste. The fruit of Spondias tuberosa, called irabuzeiio in th"! north of Brazil, is about twice the size of a large gooseberry, oblong, yellowish, with a leathery skin and sweetish-acid pulp. A niuch-esteemed Brazilian dish is prepared of milk, curds, sugar, and the pulp of this fruit, from which also a refreshing beverage is made for use in levers. The tree is remarkable for the numerous round black tubes, about 18 inches in diameter, which it produces on its widely spreading roots, and which are very cellular, and full of water. They are evidently intended for the wants of the tree in the drj' season, and are often dug out by travel- ers for the sake of the w'ater, of which each full-grown tuber yields about a pint. An im- portant species is the ti or Tahiti apple (Spon- dias dulcis). a very fine fruit of the South Sea Islands. This tree often attains a height of 50 to 60 feet, and, according to Seeman, is laden with fruits averaging a pound each. HOG-RAT. See Hutia. HOGSHEAD. An old English measure of ca- pacity. For wine, it was equivalent to 63 gallons or 5232 imperial gallons; for ale, 48 gallons, and for beer, 54 gallons. In the United States it is still used as a measure for liquids, equivalent to 63 gallons; but when used for tobacco, it varies in different States from about 750 to 1200 pounds. HOGUE, 6g, or HOXJGTJE, oog, La. A road- stead near the northeast extremity of the Penin- sula of Cotentin. Normandy, a few miles south of Barfleur. It gives its name to the naval battle of May 29 (old style May 19), 1692, when the combined English and Dutch fleets, under Ad- miral Russell, defeated the French fleet com- manded- by Tourville. The name of La Hogue is often confounded with La Hague, the name of the cap? at the northwest extremity of Cotentin. HOGUET, fi'gft'. ICRL (1821-70). A German painter, bom in Berlin. He studied first under Krause, and then went to Paris, where he was a pupil of Ciceri, and afterwards of Isahey. His works are marine and genre, and belong to the French school. Among them are: "Rue Pirouette in Paris." "From Normandy." "Last Windmill on Montmartre," "The Wreck" (1864, Berlin Mu- seum), "Market Scene at Rouen," and "Light- house Near Boulogne." HOHENHEIM, hr/cn-him, Piiiuppus, A. P. VOK. Sec P.I!.CKI.Sl s. HOHENLINDEN, ho'cn-lin'den (Ger., Tall Lindens). A village in Upper Bavaria, 19 miles east of Munich, celebrated for the victory gained there by the French, under Moreau, over the Aus- trians under Archduke .John, December .3, 1800. jforeau's army was posted on the plateau between the Isar and the Inn, and barred the way to Mu-