Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/129

* HIVE SYRUP. 113 HOACTZIN. equill, and tartar emetic, of the last of which it contains but one grain to the fluid ounce. It is also diaphoretic, expectorant, and in large doses cathartic. It was originally devised for the treatment of spasmodic croup and hives, whence conies its popular name. Great care must be taken, in employing it, not to allow its sedative operation to proceed too far. In overdoses it has been known to produce a fatal inflammation of the stomach and bowels, since tartar emetic is highly poisonous. HI'VITES (probably connected with Ar. hayxj, family, or Heb. Hawicah, Eve, or else from hatr- wah, serpent, in allusion to the clan-totem ). One of the peoples driven out of Palestine by the Hebrews (Ex. iii. 8 et al.) and placed in the list (Gen. X. 17) among the sons of Canaan. Several of the biblical passages in which Hivites are mentioned present an uncertain text, as e.g. Joshua ix. 7, xi. 3; II. Sam. xxiv. 7. Hebrew writers seem to li.rve confused Hivites, Horites (q.v.), and Hittites (q.v.), so that we cannot be quite certain even whether such a people as the Hivites ever existed. HIZEN, he'zfn. One of the nine provinces of the island of Kiushiu, Japan, famous in history and for its kaolin and the production of por- celain. It is rich in tea, tobacco, vegetable wax, and coal, but not in cereals, though in quality its rice is reckoned the best. Its chief towns are Saga and Nagasaki (q.v.). Arita and Imari, both situated in this province, are famed for their ceramic ware. It was formerly divided among ten dairaios (q.v.). It is now mostly within the Nagasaki ken. Consult: Rein, Japan (London, 1884), and for the ceramic industries of the province, Briiikley, Japan : Its Bistory, Arts, and Literaliirr^ vol. v'iii. (Boston, 1901-02). HJARNE, yiir'ne, Harald Gabriel (1848 — ). A Swedish historian, born at Klastorp. He was educated at Upsala, where he became docent (1872) and professor (1889). His studies on the relations between Russia and Sweden are of particular importance. He wrote: Polens nor- ilisha poUtil: niinnnst fore hongressen i fllettin Jo':0 (IS84) ; De iildsta svenskryslca legationsal- iema (18S4): Frun iloskca till Petershnrg, a sketch of Russian civilization (1888-89) ; Unions- fr&gan (1892); fG!rt2 (1897). HOACTZIN, ho-akt'sin (South American namo), or 1Iaxx.. A bird (Opisthocoinus cris- tatus) of Guiana and Brazil, possessing many conflicting characteristics of structure, so that its place in classi Meat ion has been greatly in dispute. Some writers have regarded it as near- ly related to the plantain-eaters; others to the curassows. Most recent writers have placed it with or verv' near the Gallinic, but generally as a separate order, the Opisthocomi. It has the general shape of a curassow. but in size is much smaller; is olive-color, varied with white above and deep bay below; and has a long pendent crest of loose yellow feathers. The tail is long and broadly tipped with yellow It lives in bands in the forest, frequents the borders of streams, feeds upon leaves and fruits, rarely leaving the lower trees and bushes, flying weak- ly, and uttering a 'sharp grating hiss' as a call note. It feeds largely on a species of arum. which gives its flesh and whole body a vile musky odor, so that it is known in British Guiana as 'stink-bird.' On the Amazon it is called cigano, or 'gj'psy.' Its nest is rudely built of sticks on THE BOACTZIX. some low bush, and the eggs, three or four in number, are whitish with reddish-brown blotches. The character and actions of the young are, how- ever, the most remarkable thing about this ex- traordinary bird. They are hatched naked, and possess at birth well-developed claws on both YOCNa HOACTZIX. Showing hand-like u^c of immature wings. the index (forefinger) and pollex (thumb) digits of the fore limb. Soon after hatching, the nest- lings begin to crawl about by hooking these claws about twigs or any object accessible, and so use their wings precisely as feet, holding on also by the bill. This is an interesting reminder of the condition of the wing in the most ancient of birds ( see Abch.eopteryx ), which used its anterior digits in much the same way. The young hoactzin, however, sheds its claws after a few days. Consult Newton, Dictionary of Birds (London and New York, 1896), where many fur- ther references are given.