Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/102

* HIND. «6 iiip to the ancient laws and customs of venery, it did not l)fzi}; and at (-'aiiihridge, and went to t'anada in 184li. .s geologist for the Dnniinion tiovcrn- nieiit. he explored large areas in Uritish -Xmerica and l.ahrador. and made a geological survey of Xcw Hrunswick. He afterwards lieeanie a pro- fessor in King's College, Xova Scotia. In IStiO he was elected a fellow of the Hoy a 1 (icographical Society. He is the author of SorthwesI Terri- tory, and of numerous reports on explorations of the British possessions in North America. HIND, loii.N- RissEi-L (1823-!)5). An English astronomer, born at Xottingham. When a mere hoy he devoted himself to astronomy, and at the age of seventeen he was given a jKjsition in the Hoyal Observatory at Greenwich. In 1S44 he was appointed member of the counnission sent to determine the exact longitude of Valentia. On his return he was appointed observer in Hishop's Ob- servatory, Regent's Park, London. He calculated the orbits of a numlier of planets and comets, noted many new variable stars and nebuhe, and discovered ten new planetoids (q.v.). viz.: Iris and Flora in 1847: Victoria in 1850: Irene in 18.51 : .Melpomene. Fortuna. Calliope, and Thalia, in 1852; Euterjie in 1853: and Crania in 1854. In 1851 Hind received from the .Vcademy of Sciences in Paris the Lalande medal, and was elected a corresponding member. In 1852 he received the gold medal of the .Astronomical Society of Lon- don, and ol>taincd a (lension of £200 a year from the Hritish (imernmeiit. He was superintendent of the ynututil Almanac in 185701. His scien- tific papers have generally been publishe<l in the Transactions of the Astronomical Sociclit. the Comptcs Kendus of Paris, and the Astronomische yaehrichten. His principal popular works are: Astronomical Vocahnlarn (18.52); The Cornels (1852); The Solar Siislem (1840): and Intro- duction to Astronomii (1871). lie was president of the Roval Astronomical Sdcicly in 1880. HIND AND THE PANTHER. The. . satirical poem by .John Dryden (1087). It is a defense of the Roman Catholic Church in the form of an allegory, in which all characters are represented by animals. The Hind stands for the Roman, the Panther for the .Anglican Church. Perhaps the most spirited satire is that on Buriiit. rcpnsentcd l)y the Buzzard. HINDENBURG, hin'dm-bwrK, Karl Fried- rich (17411808). A German mathematician, bom at Dresden. Educated at Leipzig, he be- came docent (1771) and professor (1781) in the university there. He edited the Mafjazin fiir rcine and anqrirandte ilathematil;. with Ber- noulli (1780-80). and the Archiv dcr reinen und anrieirandtcn Mathematik (1704-00); but he is best known as the discoverer of combinatory analvsis and as author of Komhinatorisch-anahj- tischr Mdiandlunncn (1706 and 1800). HINDLEY, hind'li. A town in Lancashire, England, three miles southeast of Wigan (Map: England, D 3). Coal-mining and cotton manu- factures are important industries. Its chief buildings are the free grammar school and the HINDU MTJSIC. old parish church, which was desecrated by the Cavaliers during the Puritan Revolution. The municipality oi)erates markets and remunerative gas and water works. Population, in 181)1, 19,- 000; in lOdl. 23,500. HINDMAN, hind'man, TiioMAS Carmichael (1818-liS). . Confederate ollicer in the War of N'cession. lie was born in Tennessee; was edu- cated in the common schools, studied law and re- moved to .Mississippi to practice his profession. As a lieutenant in a .Mississi])pi regiment he took part in the Mexican War, and was a DcmiK'ratic mem- ber of Congress from 1858 to 1801. He was ap- pointed to the conunand of a brigade in the Confederate .rmy soon after the Civil War began, and tirst served' under Gen. Simon Buckner in Kentucky. .t Memphis he was in conunand. and was aflerwarils defeated at the battles of Xcw- tonia anil Prairie (irove. Promoted to be a major-general at the battle of Shiloh. he was transferred to .Arkansas. After the close of the war he went to the City of Mexico, but finally returned and settled in .Arkansa.s in 18(!7. The following year General Hindman was murdered by one of his former .soldiers in revenge ior some disciplinary act during the war. HINDOOSTAN, hin'doo-stan'. See IIi.VDU- STAX. HINDU KUSH, hin'doo ko5sh, or Indiax Cai'Ca.si'S. a i-ange of mountains, forming the westward continuation of the Himalaya, being sometimes reckoned a part of thai colossal range (Map: Afghanistan, L 3). It extends from the Cpper Indus on the east to the Haminn Pass (beyond which the continuing range is generally desi'gmited Safed-Koh) on the west, stretching in latitude between 34° and 30° X., and in longi- tude between 08' and 74° .30' K., with a length of aliout 500 miles. Xearly the whole of it is contained in .Afghanistan. The Oxus. or .Amu- D.arya. has its source in its northei-n ridges, and manv tributaries of the Indus How off from the .south. For the first 100 miles west of the Pamirs, it is fial-topi)ed. with passes ranging in altitude from 12..5O0 to 17. ,500 feet. Farther westward it l>ecomes higher, and its plateau summit breaks up into yx-aks of which Tirach
 * Mir. on the frontier of Chitral. is the loftiest,

25.400 feet in altitude. In this part are many passes over which trails or roads are in use. The range, which consists mainly of granites and .schists, was proliatily uplifted in Tertiary time. HINDU MUSIC. According to the ancient Hindu iH'lief all arts were Ijcstowed upon man by various gods, and music was the gift of Brahma. The early history of music in India i.? (=o beset with fables and reaches back to such remote antiquity that it is impossible to trace its real origin. We have, however, unmistakable evidence that several of the hymns of the Rifj- Teda (about n.c. 1500) were intended to be sung to music. The hymns also mention flutes (rana). cymbals ikarhari). dnuns (dundiibhi), .and trumpets Ihnliirn). Xot only are the early accounts of the origin of nuisic marked by an exuberance of the imagination, but the .strictly scientific treatises on the subject of music are not free from this fault. The Hindu works on nmsic are of uncertain date, but seem to be n-latively late. Like much of Sanskrit literature, even when dealing with technical subjects, they are written in verse. Thej' exist for the most part as