Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/887

* HERING. 817 HEKISSON. rangement of the constituent processes (white- black, ledgii'cii. yellowblue) ; and (3) an an- tagonistic ichtion between tlie colors of each pair. 'J'he advaiitaj;cs ■)( this tlieorj' as an ex- planation ot the psychological jjlicnoinena of vision have won for llcring the support of the great majciritv of psychologists. HERING, RrDOLPH (1847—). An American engineer, liorn in Philadelphia. He giaduated at the Polytechnic School in Dresden, (icrniany, and from IStiS on was employed in ini])ortaut engi- neering work, among other olHces holding those of engineer in charge of the water-su|iply for Phila- delphia and Chicago. In 1881 lu' ]irepared, for the National Board of Health, a comprehensive rep'irt on tlic sewerage of European cities. HERINGSDORF, ha'ringsdorf. The prin- cipal Gernuin summer resort on the Baltic coast, situated on the island of Usedom in the Prus- sian Province of Ponierania, 40 miles from Stet- tin (ilap: Germany. F 2). It is a picturesque place with numeious fine villas and hotels, and is visited bv about 13,000 people in the season. Population. 'in 1;>00, 874. HERIOT (AS. heregealu, militaiy apparel, from lien', Goth, harjis. OHG, heri, Ger. Heer, OC'hurch Slav. kara. OPruss. karjis. OPers. kara, army + grntu, equipment). In old English law, a customary tribute of goods and chattels, pay- able to the lord of the fee on the death of a freehold tenant. It may have had its origin in the practice of returning to the lord the martial equipment which he had furnished to his vassal. But in course of time it came to be regarded as a form of relief (q.v. ). payable by the heir on succeeding to the inheritance, as a sort of in- heritance tax or death diity. If a vassal fell in battle in the service of his lord, no heriot was demanded. As heriots were due only of tenants who held by knight's service, they disappeared with the abolition of military tenures. Nominal- ly, however, the right still exists in England in connection with copyhold estates, but it is in practice obsolete. See Tribute. HERIOT, her'i-ot, George (1.563-1624). A Scottish goldsmith and philanthropist, founder of Heriot 's Hospital. Edinburgh. He was the son of a goldsmith o£ Edinburgh, and followed his father's business. In l.i07 he was appointed goldsmith to Anne of Denmark, consort of .Tames VI. of Scotland, and four years afterwards to the King, on whose accession, in 1003. to the English throne Heriot went to London, where as Court ieweler and banker he amassed a large fortune. Of this he left £23.625 to the town council of Edinburgh for the education of th.' children of decayed burgesses nnd freemen of that city. Ac- cording to his will, the hospital or school whii ii he wished to found was to be in imitation of Christ's Hospilal. Loudon. The school was opened in lO.')!): in 188.5 it was reorganized for secondary and higher branches. In 1002 the funds yielded upward of f.lO.OOO. and besides sui)porting the original finuidatinn. furnished many scholar- ships at th(: Heriot-Watt ddlcfre. the viniversity. and other schools of Edinbirgh. Heriot figures as ".TinLdinir Geordie" in Scott's Fortunes of yiael (Edinburgh. 1822). HERIOT, George (17661844). A Canadian oflicial and author, born on (he Tsle of .Tersey. In 1799 he was at Quebec, in the Ordnance De- partment. The following j'ear he was appointed Deputy PostnuisterGcncral, and held the posi- tion lor six years. He turned soldier during the War of lbl2, was ne.t in command to De Sala- berry at the battle of Chateauguay, and in 1841 was made a major-general of militia. He repre- sented Drumnumd County (1830-34), and wrote a History of VuiKida (2 vols., 1804), wherein he is largely indebted to Charlevoix, as well as Trill rlr Tlirouyli the Vititiidiis (1807), HERIOT, .loii.N (17ti01833), A Scotch au- thor, born at Haddington. He was e<lucated at Edinburgh Higli 8cl.o(j| and I'niversity, 1 il left without graduating, on account of lack of means, and went to London. Here he entered the marine service, was made a lieutenant at the age of eighteen, was in several of the naval engage- ments of the })eriod, and was wounded in Rod- ney's famous light with the French (April 17, 1780). When the war was over. Heriot was re- tired upon half pay, which !ie supplemented by making light literature out of his heavy experi- ences, such as The Siirroiis of the Heart (1787), and The llnlf-l'inj O/finr (1780) ; but more im- ] ortant is his Account of (liljrultor (1792). Af- ter starting and editing two newspapers, he re- tired into Government positions, and from 1810 to 1816 lived in Barbadoes as deputy paj'master- gencral of the troops in the Windward and Lee- ward Islands. The last seventeen years of his life he spent in Chelsea Hospital, where he was com])troller. HERI-RXJD, her'e-rood' (Lat. Arius). A river of Central Asia, rising in the Koh-i-Baba range of the Hindu Kusli Mountains. 150 miles west of Kabul (]lap: Afghanistan. II 4). It flows through Afghanistan, for more than 300 miles through a fertile ami Ijcatitiful valley past Herat : then, bending suddenly to the north, it flows along the Persian boundary, and afterwards northw?st through Turkestan, making a farther course of 400 miles, till it terminates in the swamp of Tejend. After entering Turkestan, the Heri-Rud assumes the name of Tejend. Its chief tribctary is the Keshef from the west. HERISATJ, ha'r^-sou. A town of Switzer- land, in the Canton of .^ppenzell. situated near the river fllatt, six miles snuthwcst of Saint Gall (Ma]): Swit7.erlan<l. D 1). The town is irregularly built, has a church-tower reputed to date from the seventh century, a public library, an ar.senal, a new town house, and a hospital. The manufactures comprise muslin, cotton, and silk, Tn the vicinity are inm springs. Popula- ti<m. in 1900, 13.497. Herisau was known early in the ninth century, and was ruled by the abbots of Saint Gall till' the uiiddle of (he fifteenth, when it en1i'r"d the Swiss Confederation. HERISSON. a'rf'sflx', Mavrice, Count (1840- 98). A Frem-h oflTicer and publicist, bom in Paris. He entered the army, and took part in the Italian campaign and in the Chinese War. under General Alontauban. Tn 1809 he was sent to .-Xmerica to make statistical stud- ies. He retirned to France at the outbreak of the Franco- Prussian War: was on the staff of General Schmitz. and later an ordiumce officer under General Trochu. and was pres- ent at the interview between Bismarck and .Tnles Favre at Ferri^res. In 1875 he was sent on ,;ui arch:ettlo«rical exTieditinn to Timis. ami in 1891 was made head of the French militia in Congo. His main works are: Etudes sur la