Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/872

* HERBEET. 803 from the same stock matcrnallT, the onlv child and heiress of the last Earl of Powis of a previous ercation having married the eldest son of Robert Clive, the founder of the British Indian Empire, in whose favor the title was renewed in 1804. HERBERT. Edward, first Lord Herbert of Cherbury I loS3-1648). Commonly reckoned as the first of the English deistical" writers. He was born of a noble family at Eyton-on-Severn, near Wroxeter, March 3," 1583. "He was sent to Oxford in his twelfth year, and by arrange- ment of his relatives at sixteen married an heiress, but kept on with his studies. The mar- riage was happy, but there appears to have been little affection between Herbert and his wife, who was four years older than himself. In 1600 lie removed to London and attracted Queen Eliza- beth's notice. On the accession of .Tames I. he was made a knight and invested with various offices. He left home for travel in France in 1608, and from this time resided very much abroad. After a brief return to his native coun- try he set out again for the Low Countries, where he joined the arms of ilaurice of Orange : lie again offered him his services in 1614. After a campaign he traveled through Germany and Italy on horseback, and went as far as V''enice, Elorence, and Rome. On his return he got into trouble by conducting a troop of Protestant soldiers from Languedoc into Piedmont to as- sist the Duke of Savoy against the Spaniards (1615). He soon returned to England, and proposed to devote himself to study and phil- osophical inquiry; but important' diplomatic duties awaited him. He was sent to France as extraordinary ambassador (1618). His aim was to promote the alliance between France and England, and he was so far successful that he was appointed ordinary ambassador, and con- tinued to reside in Paris. He tried, but without much success, the difficult task of negotiation between Louis XIII. and his Protestant subjects, and was abruptly recalled in 1624. He was elevated first to be a peer of Ireland, and then in 1630. five years after the accession of Charles L, to be a peer of England. When the Civil War broke out he appears to have acted with hesita- tion, at first siding with the Parliament and then joining the King. His hereditary seat. Mont- gomery Casfle. was attacked and burned. He died in London. August 20. 1648. The result of his religious speculations is contained in his Latin treatises, De Relifjione Laid, and Ad Sacer- doies de Religione Laid, issued with his De Cau- sis Errorum (London, 1645) : and De Religione Oeniilium (Amsterdam, 1063: trans.. The Aiicient Rcliijion of the Gentiles and Causes of Their Error Considered, London, 1705). Herbert's po- sition at the fountainhead of English Deism gives them a peculiar significance. His speculations are those of a philosophical dogmatist rather than of a critical inquirer. His arguments are abstract and deductive, and not analytical or negative. He offers solutions rather than starts difficulties or obtrudes negations. His other works of general interest are: his Life and Reign of Eenry VIII. (reprinted 1880) : his Poems (1881) : and par- ticularly his Aiitohiopraphji. edited by Lee, with introduction arid continuation (London, 1886). HERBERT, Oeorge (1593-1633). An English poet, brother of Lord Herbert of Cherbury, born in Montgomery Castle, Wales. He was educated HERBERT. at Westminster, and at Trinity College. Cam- bridge, graduating B.A. in loi2-13. and M.A. in 1016. In 1615 he was elected fellow, and in 1019 he was promoted to the office of public orator. He now made the acquaintance of Bacon; in the hope of preferment, he was in- duced to spend considerable time about the Court. On the death of James I. he studied divinity, and finally took holy orders. He mar- ried in 1629, and the next year received the rec- tory of Bemerton, Wiltshire. Here he lived a most saintly life. But in less than three years he died of consumption, and was buried beneath the altar of his church. While at Bemerton he wrote 7'he Temple, or Hacred Poems (1033), which, though disfigured by conceits in the man- ner of the time, contains some of the finest sacred lyrics in our language. He also wrote a prose work. The Counlrtj Parson (1052), which lays down rules for the guidance of a clergyman's life, and may be considered a pendent to The Temple. A charming life of Herbert was written by Izaak Walton {Life of George Herbert, London, 1670). Consult, also: Sliorthouse, reprint of The Temple (London, 1882) ; Complete Works in Prose and Verse, with Walton's Life, edited bv Grosart (London, 1874) ; Poems, S. P. C. K. (ib., 1890), and Life, S. P. C. K. (ib., 1893). HERBERT, Henry Howard Molyneux. See Carxarvox, fourth Earl of. HERBERT, Henry William (1807-58). An American novelist, born in London. He studied at Eton from 1820 to 1825, graduated at Caius College, Cambridge, in 1830, emigrated to Ameri- ca in )831. and for eight years taught Greek and Latin in a private school in New York City. He established in 1833 the Ameriean Monthli/ Maga- zine, which he edited till 1830, and contributed Avidely to newspapers and magazines. In 1834, under the pen-name of 'Frank Forester,' he began to write books on sports, and sketches of out- door life, which formed a series of great useful- ness and popularity. His more serious literaiy work included .several carefully written novels, chiefly historical, and translations from the French of Eugene Sue and Dumas. The last years of his life were imbittered by domestic troubles and the estrangement of personal friends, and he died by his own hand. Tlie most important of his novels and works on history are: Cromuell (1837) ; ilarmadulce Wyvil (1843) ; The Broth- ers: A Tale of the Fronde (1844) ; The Roman Traitor (1846) ; The Miller of Martigne (1847) ; The Captains of the Old World (1851); The Cavaliers of England (1852) ; The Chevaliers of Franee (1853); The Puritans of ew England (1853); The Captains of the Roman Repuhlic (1854); and Memoirs of Bcnrg VIII. of Eng- land and His Six Wives (1858). Chief among the 'Frank Forester' series are: My Shooting Box (1846) : Field Sports of the United State's and the British Provinces of Ameriea (1848) ; The Waruick Woodlands (1849); Frank For- ester and His Friends (1849) ; Complete Manual for Young Sportsmen (1852): Sporting Scenes and Characters (1857) ; Horses and Horseman- ship of the United States and British Provinces (1859). His Poems were published in 1887. Consult: Picton. Frank Forester's Life and Writ- ings (New York, 1881 ), and Judd, Life and Writ- ings of Frank Forester (New York, 1882).