Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/852

* HEPWOKTH. 788 HERACLEOPOLIS. HEPWORTH, George Hughes (1833-1902). An American clergj-inan and journalist. He was bora in Boston, graduated at Harvard Divinity School in 1855, and entered the Unitarian min- istry at Nantucket, Mass. He was pastor of the Church of the Unity, Boston, from 1858 to 1870, meantime serving as a chaplain in the Union Army on the staff of General Banks. In 1870 he took charge of the Church of the Messiah in New York, hut resigned witliin two j-ears, renouncing the Unitarian faith, and soon afterwards estab- lished in the same city the Church of t)ie Dis- ciples. He resigned this charge in 1878, and went abroad for rest. He preached at the Belle- ville Avenue Congregational Church in Newark, N. J., from 1882 until 1885, when he became con- nected editorially with the New York Herald and Evening Telegram. He had charge of a famine relief fund for Ireland in 1880, and later inves- tigated the condition of the Armenian Christians. Among his writings are: Wliip, Hoe, and Sicord (184) : Rocks and Shoals (1870) ; Hiram Golf's Religion (1892); Broim Studies (1895); The Farmer and the Lord (1896) ; and Through Ar- menia on Horseback (1898). HE'KA. See Juno. HERACLEA, her'a-kle'a (Lat., from Gk. 'HpaicXeio, Hcrakleia, from 'HpaxX^s, Herakles, Hercules ) . The name of a number of Greek towns, in both Europe and Asia. Of these the most important were: (1) Heraclea in Lueania, near the Gulf of Tarentum, not far from the modern Policoro. It was founded in B.C. 432 by Tarentines and Thurians, and the inhabitants of "the earlier colony Siris, which continued to exist only as its port. In a fertile territory it seems to have enjoyed great prosperity, but in depend- ence upon Tarentum. In B.C. 280 the first great battle between Pyrrhus (q.v. ) and the Romans_ was fought near by, and two years later the Ro- mans concluded with Heraclea a treaty of al- liance on very favorable terms. It was still a flourishing place in the time of Cicero, but later fell into decay, and is now a heap of ruins. Near the ancient site were found in 1732 and later two bronze tablets, the Tabulw Heracleenses, contain- ing on one side a long Greek inscription of the fourth century B.C. relating to certain sacred lands of Dionysus and Athena, whose boundaries had been disturbed in a recent war, and on the other a much more important Latin document, the Lex lulia ilunicipalis (B.C. 45), which is one of the chief authorities for the municipal law of Italy. These inscriptions have often been pub- lished, but may best be found in Kaibel, Inscrip- tiones Grwciv, Siciliw et Italias, 645 (Berlin, 1890), and Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum^ i. (Berlin, 1863). (2) Heraclea Minoa, on the south coast of Sicily, east of Agrigentum. The city seems to have been originally a Phoenician trading station, Ens Jlelkart, but was later occupied by Selinus, and about B.C. 510 by .Spartans under the leader- ship of Euryleon. The name Jlinoa was due to a legend attributing the founding of the city to !Minos of Crete. It was afterwards destroyed by the Carthaginians, though a small settlement con- tinued to exist under Carthaginian rule, and after B.C. 314 rose to renewed importance, and was one of the chief Carthaginian naval stations •during the First Punic War. The site, on Cape Bianco, is now wholly deserted, and but few traces of the ancient city are visible. (3) Heraclea Pontica, a Megarian colony on the south coast of the Black Sea, the modern Eregli ( q.v. ). It seems to have been founded about the middle of the sixth century B.C., and after a period of party strife, passed under the rule of a moderate oligarchy, which soon made it master of the neighboring territory including some of the lesser Greek colonies. Even when the aristocracy was supplanted by a tyrant, the pros- perity of the city continued to increase ; but after tlie overthrow of the Persian Empire by Alex- ander the growth of the Bithynian power and the wars with the Galatians lessened its influence. It was plundered by the Romans in the Mithra- datic war, and from that time gradually declined. It was the birthplace of the philosopher Hera- clides Ponticus (q.v.). HTER'ACLE'ON (Lat., from Gk. 'HpaxX^uv, HCrakleun ). A Gnostic Christian, who flourished in Italy during the third quarter of the second century. Clement of Alexandria calls him the most distinguished follower of Valentinus (q.v.). His writings surs'ive only in fragments, and each quotation is accompanied by unfriendly comments by his orthodo.x opponent. He wrote a Gospel commentary, entitled Ui/pomnemata, which dealt especially with Saint John. Origen preserves considerable fragments of this work in his own commentary on the same Gospel. Clement also quotes from Heracleon, but we are not certain that it is from this work. Hippolytus says that Heracleon and other Western Valentinians taught that Christ's body was of animal substance, while the Oriental School regarded it as spiritual. But we know little about the details of their systems. Heracleon's influence was sufficient to perpetuate his name among his followers, who are called Heracleon ites. Consult Brooke, The Fragments of Heracleon (Cambridge, 1901). See Gnosti- cism. HER'ACLE'ONAS (Lat., from Gk. 'HpoicXei- uras, HcraklciOnas) (c. 614-?). An Emperot of Byzantium, son of the Emperor Heracliiis. He fought with his father in Syria, and was ap- pointed Cffsar in 638 or 639. When his father died (641) his mother, Martina, asked that he be permitted to rule with his invalid stepbrother, Constantine III. But Constantine died after a reign of less than five months and Heracleonas became sole Emperor. The Senate suspected that ^Martina had had this in view and had possibly hurried the death of her stepson; a revolution broke out; Heracleonas was dethroned, his nose cut off. his mother's tongue torn out, and the two were exiled to Constantinople. Constans II., son of Constantine, succeeded to the throne. HERACLEONITES. See Hekacleon. HERACXEOP'OLIS (Lat.. from Gk. 'Hpox- iov% TToXij, Hcrakleoiis polis, city of Hercules). . city of ancient Egypt on the right bank of the Bahr Yflsuf (Joseph's Canal), about 10 miles west of the Nile. It was called by the Egyptians Henen-suten, whence its Coptic name Hnes. and its modern Arabic name Ahnas and Henassu/e. Heracleopolis was the seat of worship of the ram-headed god Hershef, whom the Greeks iden- tified with Heracles. Of the temples and other buildings, for which the place was renowned in ancient times, scarcely anything remains. An e.x- tensive necropolis lies upon the opposite bank of