Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/829

* HENRY V. 765 HENRY VII. HENRY V. (1081-11-25). Holy Roman Em- peror from HOG to 1125. He was the socoiid son of Henry IV.. and was appointed his father's suc- cessor in 1098 alter his cldcM- brother. Conrad, had forfeited his right to the llironc' l>y rohcUioii. Six years afterwards he himself rebelled against the Emperor. The Papal party, with whieli he allied himself, took for .granted that when he mounted the throne Church and State would in- stantly be reconciled; but their hopes were dis- appointed. The main point for which Henry IV. had contended was the right of investing the bishops with ring and staft'. When Henry V. succeeded him in llOG. Pope Pasclial 11. de- manded that this right should be given up, but Henry replied that he could not resign powers that had Ijeen exercised by liis prede- cessors, and the loss of which would imply that the ecclesiastical lands of Germany would be re- moved from secular control. In 1110 he entered Italy at the head of 30.000 men. Paschal pro- posed that the Church should give up its property and feudal privileges if Henry would renounce the right of investiture. To this the latter agreed, and a day was appointed for the corona- tion of Henry as Emperor. The opposition of the Roman prelates made it impossible for the Pope to proceed with the ceremony, whereupon he and his cardinals were made prisoners. Paschal then formally recognized the right of investiture, and Henry received the Imperial crown. When the Germans had recrossed the Alps, Paschal re- noiuiced the treaty he had concluded, and the Emperor was excommunicated. As many of the princes were pleased to avail themselves of this opportunity for rebelling, Germany again became the scene of confused contests like those which had plunged the country into misery during Henry IV.'s long reign. In 1116 the Emperor went a second time to Italy and drove Paschal from Rome, and after Pasclial's death he caused Gregory VIII. to be elected Pope. The Papal party, however, selected Gelasius II.. who re- newed the sentence of excommunication against Henry. The latter returned to Germany in 1119, and at the Diet of Tribur succeeded in allaying the hostility of the more important among his enemies. Pope Calixtus IT., who succeeded Gela- sius in 1119, now found it necessary to oflfer a compromise ; and the controversy between the Empire and the Papacy was for the time closed by the Concordat of Worms (1122), in whieh it was agreed that at every election of a prelate in Germany the Enqieror should have the right of being present in person or through a rep- resentative, and that the chosen bishop or abbot, before being consecrated, should receive his lands and secular authority in fief of the Crown. In the other parts of the Empire the election was to be free and canonical, and the Emperor to con- fer the secular authority after the consecration. Henry died at Xiiiieguen. 'Slay 2.3. 1120. Consult: Giesebreclit. Geschichtr drr rlnitschcti Kniscrzcit, vol. iii. (.5th ed.. Leipzig, 1890). See I.WESTI- TtTEE. HENRY VI. (1165-97). Holy Roman Em- peror from 1190 to 1197. He was the son of Frederick Barharossa. and was crowned King in 1169. He assumed control of the government on his father's departure for the Holy Land in 1189, and on the latter's death, in the following year, succeeded to the throne. He shareii the intel- lectual culture of his time, and was distinguished for the splendor of his political schemes; but lie was of a stern disposition, and in order to attain his ends was guilty of cruelty. Henry the Lion (q.v.), who had been banished to England by I'rederiek I., had returned to Germany in 1189, and again disturbed the country with his wars. King Henry, after restoring peace, liastened to Kome, where he was crowned Emperor in 119L Through his wife, Constance, he had a claim to the throne of Sicily; but the Sicilian nol)les made Count Tancred, an illegitimate son of Constance's- brother. King. After receiving the Imperial crown, Henry advanced against Tancred. He waa successful in Sicily, but before Naples his army was struck by pestilence, and he was forced to return to Germany. There he suppressed various private wars, and compelled Henry the Lion to acknowledge his supremacy. The great ransom which he received from Richard I. (c|.v.) of Eng- land enabled him to fit out a large army, and with this he descended upon Italy in 1194, and without much difficulty conquered the Sicilian kingdom. Tancred was dead, but he had left a number of relatives, who were so barl)arously treated that the people were seized with terror. On his return to Gennany it was easy for Henrw with the prestige which he had now acquired, to enforce submission; and so great was his author- ity that, in 1196, he endeavored to secure the declaration that the crown be made liereditary in his family. Had he lived some years longer lie would probably have succeeded, but he died suddenly at Messina, September 28, 1197. His power was greater than that wielded by any other German Emperor. Aside from his firm control over the Imperial lands, Sicily had been subdued, and Richard of England, the King of Cyprus, and Bohemond of Antioch had become his vassals. Consult Toeehe, Jahrhucher des detitschen Reichs unter Heinrwh VI. (Leipzig, 1867). HENRY VII. (?-I313). Holy Roman Em- peror from 130S to 1313, the first of the line of Luxemburg. He was the son of Duke Henry III. of Luxemburg, and succeeded Albert I. as Ger- man King in 1308, being crowned at Aix-la-Cha- ]ielle in the following year. When he came to the tlirone Bohemia was subject to Henry of Carin- thia, who was greatly disliked by his subjects. The King displaced him in 1310, and enriched his own family by granting Bohemia, at the request of the Bohemians themselves, to his son John, whose claims were rendered secure by his mar- riage with Elizabeth, the daughter of Wcnceslas II. For some time no German King had sought the Imperial crown ; but Henry resolved to revive the traditions which wiere dying out. and with a view to this result did what he could to com- pose the differences between the nobles and to gain their allegiance. He was welcomed in Italy with eagerness by the Ghibellines, whose great poet, Dante, saw in Henry VI 1. the savior fliat was to rescue Italy from anarchy and to bring it peace and honor. Tlic Dr Mnnnrrhia of Panto was probably written at this time. In 1312 Henry was crowned Emperor of Rome, having ]irevious- ly received the iron crown of Lombardy in Milan, He was preparing to undertake an expcclition for the conquest of Naples, when he died suddenly, near Siena. August 24, 1313. It was generally believed at the time that he had been poisoned by a Dominican numk, but this was not proved. Consult: Dijnniges, Acta Henrici VH. (Berlin,