Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/818

* HEMSTERHUIS. 754 HENDERSON. made professor of Greek at Franeker, although he did not take up his residence there until three years later. In 1740 he received a call to the University of Leyden^ where he remained until his death. One of tlie greatest Greek scholars of his time, he may be said to have created a new school of Greek philologj', to which belong his distinguished pupils Uuhnken and Valckenaer. His editions of the Onomasticon of Pollux (2 vols., 1700), of the Colloquia of Lucian (1708 and 1732), and of tlie Fluttts of Aristophanes (1744) are his principal literary works. From Hemsterhuis's manuscripts, Anecdota Hemstcr- husiana (1825) have been edited by Geel, and Orationes et Epistolce (1839) by Friedmann. Consult: Ruhnken, h'Aogium Hemsterhtisii (Ley- den, 1768; reprinted in the Bibliotheca Tcuh- neriana) ; Lindemann, Vitw Duumvirorum T. Bemsterhusii ct D. I'lthnkenii (Leipzig, 1882), and Miiller, (Jcschiclitc tier klassischen Philologie in den Niederlandcn (Leipzig, 1869). HEN. See Fowl. HENAULT, a'no', Charles Jean Francois (1685-1770). A French historian. He became president of the eoiir d'equetes in 1710, and mem- ber of the French Academy in 1723. Later he was the head of the household of Maria Lesz- czynska, wife of Louis XV. He wrote much light and graceful verse, and some mediocre plays; but is best known for his excellent Abri-ge chro- nologiqite (1744), the first successful attempt at a general history of France. His M dnioires{ S5i) are of value mainly because they contain interest- ing anecdotes of men of note in his day. HENBANE (Hyoscyainus). A genus of plants of the natural order Solanacea>. the members of which have a tive-toothed calyx, an irregular funnel-shaped corolla, and a capsule which opens by a lid and is inclosed in the hardened calvx. The species are mostly annual and biennial herbs, natives of the Mediterranean region. The com- mon henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) is not uncom- mon in waste places in the neighborhood of towns and villages in Europe, Northern Africa, Asia, and as an escape in the Eastern United States. It is also cultivated to some extent. It is an annual or biennial, somewhat bushy, one to four feet high, w'ith large sinuated or sharply lobed leaves without leafstalks, and large, dingy yellow flowers, with brownish-red or purple veins. The whole plant is covered with clammy hairs, and has a nauseous smell, which gives warning of its strong narcotic, poisonous quality. Cases of poisoning by henbane are not rare, since its root somewhat resembles small parsnips. The seeds contain in largest quantity the peculiar alkaloid hyoscyamine. on which the properties of the plant chiefly depend. The symptoms of poisoning by henbane are similar to those pro- duced by other narcotic poisons, and the proper treatment is the same as in cases of poisoning by opium. In medicine the leaves are commonly used internally. They are gathered and quickly dried when the plant is in full flower. Fomenta- tions of henbane are applied to painful glandular swellings, parts aft'eoted with neuralgia, etc., and are often found to afford relief. Their action is almost the same as that of belladonna, and tinc- ture and extract of henbane are often adminis- tered in cases of annoying cough, spasmodic asthma, and other diseases that seem to demand sedatives and anti-spasmodics. Henbane is also employed to calm mental irritation and to in- duce sleep. For many cases it has one great ad- vantage over laudanum in not producing con- stipation. The other species of henbane possess similar properties. In Greece the dried stalks of Byoscyuintis albus are smoked to allay toothache. HENCKE, henk'e, Ivarl Ludwig (1793-1866). A (iernian astronomer, born at Driesen, where he was long postmaster. He discovered the planet- oids Astra'a (1845) and Hebe (1847), and con- tributed some additions to previous lists of stel- lar magnitudes to Peter's Zeitschrift fiir As- ironomic (1800) and the Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society (1859). HEN'DEKSON. A city and the county-seat of Henderson County, Ky., 10 miles below Evansville, Ind., on the Ohio River, and on the Louisville and Nashville, the Illinois Central, and other railroads (Map: Kentucky, D 3). A magnificent bridge crosses the Ohio at this point. Among the attractions of the place are Atkinson Park, containing 100 acres, and the county fair grounds. The city has fine public school build- ings, and owns a well-equipped sanatorium. Hen- derson controls an important trade in to- bacco, corn, and wheat; and among its indu.strial establishments are cotton and woolen mills. grain- elevators, tobacco-stemmeries, hominy-mills, saw and planing mills, a furniture-factory, wagon- works, coal-mines, etc. First incorporated in 1797. the city is now governed under a charter of 1893, by a mayor, elected for four years and ineligible for a second term, and a common council, chosen by popular vote. The water- works, gas plant, and electric-light plant are owned and operated by the municipality. Popu- lation, in 1890, 8835; 'in 1900, 10,272. HENDERSON. A town and the county-seat of Vance County, N. C, 44 miles north of Ra- leigh, on the Seaboard Air Line and the Southern railroads (Map: North Carolina. D 1). It car- ries on an important trade in tobacco and cotton, and has several extensive tobacco-warehouses, cotton-mills, knitting-mills, cottonseed-oil mills, buggy and wagon factories, etc. Settled in 1820, Henderson was first incorporated in 1842. Under a charter last revised in 1893. the government is vested in a mayor, biennially elected, and a municipal council. Population, in 1890, 4191; in 1900, 3746. HENDERSON. The county-seat of Chester C-ounty, Tenn., 180 miles west southwest of Nash- ville; on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad (Map: Tennessee, C 5 ). It is the seat of the Georgia Robertson Christian College, and of the Vander- bilt Training School. Henderson is the centre of an agricultural region, and has some manu- factures, and considerable cotton trade. Popula- tion, .about 2000. HENDERSON. The county-seat of Rusk County, Tex., 100 miles north by east of Hous- ton : on a branch of the International and Great Northern Railroad (Map: Texas. G 3). It has a normal college. There are cotton-gins, a pottery, and other industries, and a trade in cotton, live stock, etc. Population, about 2000. HENDERSON, Alkxander (c.1583-1646). One of the greatest men in Scottish history, and. next to Knox, the most renowned ecclesiastic of Scotland. He was bom in the Parish of Criech, Fifeshire, about 1583, and educated at Saint . drews (M.A. 1603). He was presented to the