Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/80

* GOSHEN. 58 GOSPEL. and lumber interests, and extensive manufac- tures, which include tiour, rvibber goods, shirts, mittens, maehineiy, bicycles, sash and doors, veneering, furniture, woolen goods, and farm im])leiuent.s. There are a public library, the building having been erected at a cost of $25,000, and a handsome high-school building of stone ( $0.5,000 ), Goshen is governed by a mayor, elected every two years, and a unicameral' council. The water-works and electric-light plant are owned and operated bv the city. Population, in 1890, G033; in 1000, 7810. GOSHEIT. A village and the county-seat of Orange County, N. Y., GO miles northwest of New York; on the Erie and other railroads (Jlap: New York, F 4 ) . The centre of an agricultural section, it has a large trade in milk, butter, and cheese. There are cut-glass works, foundries, and a cider-mill. Goshen was settled in 1714 and first incorporated in 1809. The goverament. under a general act of 1897, is vested in a president and board of four tiiistees, who are elected at the annual corporation meeting. The village owns and operates its water-works. Population, in 1890, 2007: in 1900, 2826. GOSLAB, go'slar. An ancient Imperial city of Germany, in the Prussian Province of Hanover. situate 3). Goslar is rich in architectural remains of its former prosperity and glory. Its market sqviare is quaint and interesting. Some of the more prominent historic structures are tlie Zwinger, a, tower with walls 20 feet thick; the Gothic Rathaus, with a valuable collec- tion of old books and other antiquities; the tailors' and butchers' guild-houses, dating from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries respective- ly; the Romanesque twelfth-centui-y church of the Neuwerk monastery, containing creditable paintings; the Frankenberg Church built at the beginning of the twelfth century and re- stored in 1880, with tombstones and sculptures; and the interesting chapel, which was formerly the vestibule of the historical Cathedral of Saint Simon and Saint Jude, founded in 1039 and de- stroyed in 1820, In the interior of the chapel are many relics of interest to the antiquary. The Kaiserhaus, the mast ancient secular build- ing in Germany, is a restored palace founded by Henry III. in the eleventh century. Its large Im- perial hall is enriched with historical frescoes by Wislicenus, and contains an ancient Imperial throne dating from the twelfth century. The double chapel of Saint Ulricb, a portion of the original building, holds the tomb of Henry III., ^vith his heart. The chief industry of Goslar is mining. In the vay of manufactures it produces marble articles, matches, chemicals, starch, playing-cards, and cigars. In the vicinity are situated a number of ponds from which ochre dye is obtained. The Rammelsberg Mountain (2040 feet) has been mined for centuries, produces several kinds of ores, and is a source of much interest to tourists. Population, in 1890, 13,311: in 1900. 16.403, chiefly Protestants. Goslar was founded probably early in the tenth century, and soon became im- portant on account of its rich mineral deposits. It was a favorite place of sojourn with the Saxon and Franconian emjierors, and the seat of many diets. For its adherence to the Hohenstaufen it was destroyed by Otto IV. in 1204; but it recov- ered its prosperity after joining the Hanseatic League. It suti'ered during tlie Thirty Years' War, and from conflagrations in 1728 and 1780. Attached to Hanover in 1816, it finally became Prussian in 1866. GOSLAWSKI, go-sUiv'ske, iUiRYCY (1802- 34). A Polish poet, born in Podolia. He was educated at Kremenetz, and composed his fa- mous war-songs as a soldier during the Revo- lution of 1830. These were subsequently collected and published under the title I'oezya Ulana pols- kiego 2iosiriecoiia Polkom il. Gosluiiyski ("Poems of a Polish Uhlan." 1833). Sent as an emissary to Galicia from Paris, whither lie had fled in 1833, he was arrested by the Russian authorities and imprisoned at Stanislau, where lie died, and where a monument was erected to his niemoiy in 1873, His com])lete works were published bj' Brockhaus in 1864 inider the title of Poezye. GOS'NOLD, B.VBTHOLOMEW (?-1607). An English navigator and one of the earliest ex- plorers of Xew England. He sailed for America in 1602 with a party of colonists in the Concord. The expedition seems to have been supported by Sir Walter Ralegh. Gosnold made land some- where on the coast of Maine, sailed south along the coast, and discovered and n.amed Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard, and Elizabeth Island. This last, now known as Cuttyhunk, was made a base for trading operations, which were carried on in Buzzard's Bay for a few weeks. The idea of a permanent settlement, to found which was one of the objects of the voyage, was soon abandoned, and in July the Concord was once more in Eng- land with a cargo of cedar, furs, and sassafras. In 1606 — largely through Gosnold's efforts — an association of London and West of England mer- chants obtained a charter from .James I. for col- onizing Virginia. Three ships sailed under Cap- tain Christopher Newport ( 1607 ). The expedition discovered and named Cape Charles and Cape Henry, and founded the settlement of Jamestown. Gosnold was among those appointed by the King to the council of the colony, and he was one of the many who succumbed to illness in the early months of the experiment. He died on August 22, 1607. For the contemporary account of Gosnold's voyages and the settlement of Virginia, consult Arber's edition of the ^yorks of John Smith, in the Scholar's Libraiy (London. 1S84). and Ste- vens's reprint of Brereton, Brief and True Rela- tion of Gosnold's Voyarje (London, 1901), GOSPEL (AS. fiodspcL r/odspell. OHG. gotspel, from fiod. OHG. got. God + spel. tidings; proba- bly corrupted by popular confusion with god, God, from gotspel. good tidings, a translation of Gk. eva-yy^ioii,evangi!Uon, good tidings, from cB,e!(, well + dyyiKXeiv, angcUein, to announce). The word used to denote ( 1 ) the message of salvation given to the world by .Jesus Christ, and (2) the his- torical record of this message as contained in the first tour books of the New Testament ; so that each of these books is designated a Gospel, and the collection is known as the Gospels. The term, as used in the earlier books of the New Testament, has an active sense, best expressed by the phrase 'the preached Gospel.' This was due to the missionary character of the initial proclamation which was given by the Apostles to the message of salvation. It is frequently so used in Paul's Epistles (e.g. I. Thess. iii. 2;