Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/789

* HEIB. 729 HEJIKA. (nemo est hceres viventis). The expectant heir may be either the person first entitled imuKt the canons of descent, as the eldest son. and who <'aiinot be displaced by the subsequent birth of a nearer relative of the ancestor, or he may be a person in the second or any later dc^'ree of con- sanguinity — in which ease he is liable to be dis- placed by the birth of a son or other person having a prior claim to the inheritance. The expectant heir in the former ease is known as the heir apparent, in the latter ca.se as the heir presumptive. Under the rule of primogeniture, which still obtains in England, a daugliter would be only an heir prcsum])tive. as the subsequent birth of a son to the father would displace her; whereas the eldest living son is, while the father lives, the heir apparent. A younger son, how- ever, is not entitled to the designation of heir presumptive so long as his elder brother lives, although by the death of the latter he would at once become heir apparent. In Scotland the phrase is also sometimes used oopularlv in this sense; but the words 'apparent heir.' when used technically there, mean qviite a different thing, viz. the jxTSon who, after his an- cestor's death, is entitled to succeed, provided he make up his tilles, but who has not yet actually done so. The apparent heir has a year to deliber- ate, called the annus deliberandi, whether he will enter upon the jjroperty, because the responsi- bility is so much greater in Scotland than in England. Consult the authorities referred to under Civil Law; Descent; Law; Real Property, etc. HEIR-AT-LAW, The. A comedy by George Colman the Younger, in five acts, produced in 1797, and still occasionally brought out. HEIBESS. In heraldry, a lady liaving no brothers wlio leave issue. The husband of an heiress is entitled to hear her arms in an escutcheon of pretense — i.e. a small escutcheon in the centre of his paternal shield — and the children of an heiress may quarter her arms with their paternal coat. Neither practice is of very early date in heraldry. HEIRLOOM. In English law, chattels which in some localities go to the heir-at-law by special custom, instead of passing, like other personal property, to the executor or administrator of the decedent. The chattels usually comprehended within this description are such homely but necessary' articles as the best bed, table, pot, pan, cart, and the like. But articles of honor and ornament may fall within the category of heir- looms, such as family portraits, ducal coronets, the Crown jewels, etc. The origin of the right is obscure, and it is of rare occurrence. In Amer- ica it is wholly unknown. In Scotland a some- what similar, but by no means identical, phrase is used, viz. heirf:hip niovable.t, which connotes a wider right, and includes the best articles of furniture in the house of a person who dies leav- ing heritable property. Tlie extent of this right is also not clearly settled. Consult the Commen- taries of Blackstonc and Erskine. HEIR OF LINNE, iTn. A ballad of unknown date and authorship, preserved in Percy's Re- Uqnes. It contains the story of a spendthrift who, having sold his patrimony and spent the proceeds, betakes himself to a lodge which alone he has preserved, and by the breaking of the rope with which he tries to hang himself dis- covers a hidden treasure, and with it redeems his inheritance. . HEIS, hi.s, Eduaru (180G-77). A Gernuin astronomer, born at Cologne, and educated at Bonn. lie taught at Cologne and Aix-la-Chapelle, and in 1852 was appointed professor of mathe- matics and astronomy at Miinsler. lleis edited Wochentliche Unlerhallungen aus dem Gcbielv dcr Astronomic und Meteorologie, and was author of: Atlas Coelestis Xovu.s, marking all stars visible to the naked eye (1872); Zodiiil- licht-lScobachtungen (1875); Samiiiluny von llcisiiiekn und Aufi/abeii aus dcr allgcmcinen Arilhmelik und Algebra (!l5th ed. 189G) ; and, with Schweiler, a Lehrbuch der (Jeometrie, in three volumes. HEISE, hi'zc, Peder (1830-79). A Danish composer, born at Copenhagen. He studied under Lund, Berggreen, Hauptmann, and (iade. He was a teacher in Copenhagen, and at the Academj' of Soroe, and is the author of a number of songs, overtures, cantatas, and sonatas, be- sides two successful operas. I'a-shaens Datler (18G9) and Drot og Marsk (1878). He also wrote a ballet, and the incidental music to dramas by Ibsen, Munch, and Von der Recke. HEISS, his, Michael( 1818-90). An American prelate. Archbishop of Milwaukee. He was born at Pfahldorf, Bavaria, studied at Munich, and was ordained in 1840. Two j^ears later he came to the United States, engaged in missionary work in Kentucky and Ohio, and afterwards at Mil- waukee, where he founded the Seminary of Saint Francis, of which he was first rector. He was consecrated first Bishop of La Crosse. Wis., in 1868, and established Saint John's College and other schools in his diocese. In 1880 he was appointed coadjutor to the Archbishop of Jlil- waukee, and two years later became second Arch- bishop. He was a member of the Vatican Council of 1809-70. HEJIRA, heji-rd (Ar. hyra, flight, from hajara. to abandon). The flight of Mohammed from Mecca to Medina to escape the persecution of his kinsmen, the Koreish (see Mohammed), and the starting-point of the Jlohommedan Era. The exact day of the flight is uncertain. The cus- tom of dating events with reference to it originat- ed with Mohammed himself, but the calendar was first instituted by Omar, seventeen years after the event, and was made to begin, not with the day of the flight, but with the first day of the year (i.e. the first of the month ]Iuharram) in which it took place, which corresponds with July 16, G22, of the Christian Era. The Mohammedan .year is a lunar year, of 354 days, hours, hence about 11 days shorter than the Christian year, and this fact must be borne in mind in computing the date of the Christian calendar correspcmding to any given Mohammedan date. . easy rule, which will give the year approximately, is to deduct three per cent, from the iMohamniedan j'ear and add the result to 622. TIuis the year of the Hejira 1321 will be found to correspond roughlv to the vear 1(10.'? <if the Christian Era (1.321 — 40 + 622=1003). For more accurate results, consult Wiistcnfeld, Verqleirhungstahel- ten der mohammedanisrhen und ehristliehen Zeit- rechnung. continued by Mahler (Leipzig, 1854- 87).