Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/78

* GORTON. 56 GORZ AND GKADISCA. disputed by other Indian ehiefs, and the dispute being referred to tlie Boston autliorities, forty soldiers were sent, wlio took Gorton and six of liis people prisoners. They were tried at Boston on the charge of being 'damnable here- tics.' and sentenced to hard labor in chains (1C43). Five months afterwards (.January, 1044) they were released, and driven out of the colony. Gorton then returned to England, and obtained from the Earl of Warwick an order for the land he :d bought from the sachem. He returned in 1G4S, named the place Wai-vvick, and thenceforward lived in peaceful possession. He preached occasionally, and filled a number of local civil offices. He was an author, and pub- lislied SimpliciUc's Dcftnsr Af/ainst Hcccn-EeatUd Policy (164G, reprinted in Peter Force, Collec- iion of Historical Tracts. Washington, 1846) ; An Incorruptible Kc;/ Composed of the CX. Psalm Whcreicith Yot( May Open the Rest of the Holy Scriptures (1647); An Antidote Against the Common Plague of the World (1657); and other works. He died at Warwick between November 27 and December 10, 1677. A sect of which he was the founder, though few in number, existed for about one hundred years. Its distinguishing tenets were contempt for the regu- lar clergj- and the outward forms of religion, and the belief that the true believers were so united to God that they shared in His perfection, and for them Heaven and Hell were practically non-existent. Its negations led to its being called the "Nothingarians.' Consult Gorton's biography bv Sparks, American Biography, vol. v. (Boston, 184,5). GORTYTSTA (Lat., from Gk. Toprvva) . An ancient city of importance on the southern side of the island of Crete. It stood on the banks of the small river Lethseus (Mitropolipotamo), at a short distance from the sea, with which it communicated by means of its two harbors, Me- tallum and Lebena. It possessed temples of Apollo I'vtliius, .Vrtemis, and Zeus. Near the to«m was the famous fountain of Sauros, inclosed by fruit-liearing poplars : and not far from this was another spring, overhung with an evergreen plane-tree which in popular belief marked the scene of the amours of Jupiter and Europa. Gortyna was the second city in Crete, next to Cnosus in importance. According to tradition, they combined to subdue the island, and then quaiTcled with eiicli other. Neither plays a conspicuous part in the history of Greece. Under the Romans Gortyna became the metropolis of the island. Some ruins may still be traced at the modern village of Hagii Dcka. An impor- tant inscription (Greek) was discovered here ill 1884 by Halbherr in the bed of a mill-streani. Taken with two fragments previously discovered, and others which have come to light later, the inscription forms a practically complete code of laws, liearing on the family relations in regard to such matters as inheritance, marriage, divorce, and adoption. The inscription is written alter- nately from right to left and left to right {bous- trophedon) in a peculiar local alphabet and in the local dialect. In spite of these marks of antiquity, it is not likely that the code can be dated much earlier than B.C. 400. Consult: Biicheler and Zitelniann, Das Recht von Oortyn (Frankfurt. ISS.^j) ; Baunack. Inschrift ron Oor- tyn (Leipzig, 1885) : Merriam, in American Jour- nal of Archaology, vols, i, and ii. (Baltimore, 1885-86), with translation and notes, GORTZ, gfrts. Vo.. See Schlitz. GORUP-BESANEZ, gO'roT.p ba-zil'nets. Baron EiGEN (1817-78). A German chemist, bom at (iratz. and educated in that city and at Vienna, Padua, Munich, and Gottiiigen. He was ap- pointed professor of chemistry at Erlangen in 184!i. His researches on zouchemical analysis are important: and his work entitled Aiileitting zur gualitativcn and qtiantitatiren ::ooch€misch€n Analyse (3d ed. 1871) is very valuable. His principal publication is the Lehrhuch der Chemie (vol. i., 7th ed. 1885; vol. ii., 6th cd. 1881; vol. iii., 4th ed. 1878), which has been translated into French and several other languages. GORZ, gerts. or GORITZ, ge'rits. The capital of the Austrian Crownland of Gorz and Gradisca, one of the Coast Districts; charmingly situated in a fruitful plain on the left bank of the Isonzo, about 35 miles north-northwest of Triest (Map: Austria, C 4). Among its principal buildings are the cathedral of the seventeenth century, with a beautiful sacrarium ; the church and college of the Jesuits, the latter used as barracks; the archbishop's palace: and Govern- ment buildings. Above the town rises the inter- esting old partly ruined castle of the former count* of Giirz: and to the north lies the Fran- ciscan monastery of Castagnavizza, with the graves of Charles X. of France, who died in Giirz in 1836, and of the Due dWngoulOme and the Comte de Chambord. Gorz has manufactures of silks, cotton, leather, matches, candles, paper, and soap, and a thriving trade in vegetables, candied fruits, and wine. On account of its dry mild climate and ])rotected situation, the city has become a favorite winter resort. Population, in 1890, 21,825: in inOO. 25,432. GORZ AND GRADISCA, gra-dls'ka. A* crownland and (titular I princely ■ earldom of the Cisleithan portion of Austria-Hungary (Map: Austria, C 4). It is the most northern of the Coast Districts, being bounded on the north by Carinthia, on the east by Carniola, on the south by the Adriatic and the districts of Triest and Istria, and on the west by Italy, The area is approximately 1125 square miles. It is mostly a mountainous region. The southwestern part, on the Adriatic, is wholly arable and very fertile. In the north the Julian Alps cross in a southeasterly direction, with the Triglav group (9380 feet) rising on the eastern boundary; in the west the Venetian Alps extend southward, forming most of the western boundary, with Monte Canin (8770 feet) as the highest peak. The two important rivers are the Isonzo and the Timavo, each emptying into the Adriatic. Agri- culture is the leading industry. Wine and silk are produced in the south. Wheat, barley, maize, buckwheat, and hay are the leading crops. Some rice is grown. Capital. Giirz. The local diet has twenty-two members. The crownland sends five members to the Lower House of Austria. The population, in 1890. was 220,308: in 1900. 232,- 338. The inhabitants are almost wholly Roman Catholics. About 61 per cent, are Slovenes, and 35 per cent. Italians. The district came into the possession of Austria in 1500, on the extinction of a line of counts of Giirz and Gradisca, who had ruled for some centuries.