Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/737

* HEARING. 677 HEART. connected with Gk. aKovtiv, akouein, to hear, and possibly ultimately with Eng. car). In its broadest sense, any judicial examination of the issues in a legal proceeding, whether those issues ere presented in a formal action at law. in a suit in equity, or upon a motion, or upon the appear- ance of one party only. Siiecifieally, liuwever, the term 'hearing* signifies the proceeding in an equity suit, which corresponds to a "trial' in an action at law. See Trial; Proceduke. HEARING. See Audition ; Ear. HEAEN, hern, Lafcadio ( 1S.50.1!104) . An American author, born in the Ionian Islands, the son of an Englishman and a Greek woman. He was educated in England and France, came to the United States, and en- gaged in journalism, first in Cincinnati, then in New Orleans, and New York. After winning quite a reputation for his powers of picturesque description, he went to teach in the University of Tokyo, and became a citizen of Japan. Among his writings are: Chifa: A Memory of Last Island (1889}; Two Years in French West Indies (1890) ; Yoiinia, the titory of a West In- ilian Slare ( 1890) ; and. after his going to Japan, Out of the East (1894) : Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan (1895); Reveries and Studies in New Japan, Kokoro (189(1); Hints and Echoes of Japanese Inner Life. Exotics and Retrospectives, Cleanings in Buddha Fields (1897) ; Shadowings ( 1000) ! and Kotto (1902). HEARNE, Thomas (1678-1735). An Eng- lish antiquary, born at White Waltham, Berk- shire, and educated at Oxford, where he passed his life at Saint Edmund Hall. He was appoint- ed second keeper of the Bodleian Library in 1712, but lost his post and all hope of university pre- ferment owing to his refusal to swear allegi- ance to the House of Hanover. He superintended the pid^lication of a large number of chronicle histories and similar works; as Leland's Itine- rary (1710-12); Alred's Annales (1716); Cam- den's Annates (1717) : and Robert of Gloucester's Chronicle (1724). From 1705 to within a few days of his death, he kept an extensive diary, the manuscript of which fills 145 volumes. The most valuable parts of it are being published for the Oxford Historical Society under the edi- torship of C. E. Doble. Pope gave Hearne an undeserved place in the Dunciad (iii., 185-90). HEARSAY EVIDENCE. See Evidence. HEARSAY RULE. In the law of evidence, the rule that excludes hearsay testimony upon the trial of an action; i.e. second-hand evidence, or that in which the materiality depends upon facts stated to the witness by another and not those observed by himself. Thus, if A as a wit- ness testifies that B told liim that C was present at the scene of an accident, this evidence is inad- missible, if the material fact is the presence of C at the accident ; but if the material fact were that B made the statement to A. the evidence would be material. See further under Evidence. HEARSE, or HERSE (OF. herce. Fr. hersr. It. erpice. ML. hercia, hersia. harrow, from Lat. hirpex. harrow). A name now used to designate the conveyance in which a coffin is borne to the grave. It had originally quite a different mean- ing. The term was formerly applied to a metal grating or spike fence with iipright spikes for the reception of candles for illumination and the hanging of decorative draperies around a tomb, or at a gateway. Afterwards it was used at the ceremonies of the Churcli and at funeral sen'ice-s. It was very simple in form, but in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries hearses of great splendor came into use, and were erected in the churches over the bodies of distinguished personages. They were often of metal, and the jKirmanent adjunct to tombs. At other tombs they were around the altar. The framework was of wood, iron, or brass, sometimes of beautiful workman- ship, square, octagonal, etc., in [ilan, with pillars at tile angles and arched framework above form- ing a canopy. The whole was hung over with rich cloths and embroidery, banners, and coats of arms, and lighted up with hundreds of wax can- dles and decorated with wax images. Sucli hearses were used at public funerals and set up in the streets. They were temporary. From this the transition to "the modern funeral hearse can be easily traced. In Roman Catholic churches of the present day the hearse still exists as a tri- angle with spikes, on which candles are placed. HEART (AS. heorte, Goth, hairto, OHG. herza, Ger. Herz ; connected with Lat. cor, Gk. KapSia, l-ardia, Lith. szirdis, OChureh Slav. sr'idice. Arm. sirt, heart ; probably connected with Skt. hrdaya, At. zaradaya, heart, or with Skt. sraddha, Lat. credere, to trust) . A muscular i.j.v. r.c.c.a. rs.ty. tb. l.s.tv. l.c/:a. ij.v. Lv.v. r.vent.. ANTEBIOB VIEW OF THE HEART WITH THE LARGER BLOOD-VESSELS. ij.v.. internal jugular vein; r.c.f.a., riglit common caro- tid artery; r.s.t.v., right superior th.vroid vein; r.r.r., riftht vertebral vein; ij.v.. internal jugular veins; r.s.c.v., right subclavian vein; i.t. v., interior th.vroid vein: v. a.m., vena azygoe major: r.c.s., vena cava superior; a., aorta: r.p.a., right pulmonary artery; per., cut edge oj pericardi- um: r.au., right auricle: v.c.i.. vena cava inferior; r.vent.. right ventricle: t.6.. thyroid body; /.«.t. r., left superior thy- roid vein; i.c.c.a., left common carotid artery; /. v. r.. left ver- tebral vein; ej.v., external jugular vein: l.sc.v.. left sub- clavian vein: l.ia.r., left innominate vein; 1.8. int. v., left superior intercostal vein: d.a., ductus nrt+'rioHUS; l.p.a.-v., left pulmonary artery and vein; I.au.ap.. left auricular ap- pendix; p.a., left pulmonary artery: l.vent.. left ventricle. organ situated in the thorax, occupying part of the space between the lungs, and acting as a i:ump for propelling the blood to all parts of the