Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/714

* HAWLEY. 654 HAWSER. the Hartford Couraiil, and uniting it with the I'ress. He became prominent as a Republican campaign speaker, was chairman of the Republi- can National Convention in 1868. and chairman of the Committee on Resolutions at the Conven- tion of 1871). In November, 1872, he was elected to fill a vacancy in Congress, and was reelected for a full term "to the Forty-third Congress, serv- ing from 187:i tu 1875. He was defeated in 1874 and 1876. but was again elected in 1878, serving from 1870 to 1881, and at the end of the term was elected to the United States Senate. He was president of the United States Centeimial Com- mittee from its organization in March, 1873, to the completion of the work of the Centennial Ex- position. In 1884 he was a candidate for the Presidential nomination before the Republican National Convention. He was reelected to the Senate in 1887, 1893. and 1899, and continued to take a prominent part in legislation, and served as chairman of the Senate Committees on the Civil Service, and on Military Affairs. HA WORTH, ha'werth, Adrian Hardy ( 1767- 1833). An English entomologist and botanist, born at Hull. He studied law, but never prac- ticed it. His place of abode was alternately Cottingham and Little Chelsea, and he was founder-in-ehief of the Entomological Society of London, afterwards a section of the Linnsean So- ciety, of which he was also a member. The Botanical Garden at Hull was begun under his direction, and he made collections of specimens, and wrote works upon botany and entomologj-, including: Observations on the Genus ilesein- hryantheinum (1794); Prodromus Lepidoptero- rum Britannicorum (1802), enumerating 793 species; the sixth volume of the Botanist's Re- pository (1803) ; and Hijnopsiis Plantaritm ^uecii- lentarum (1812), which is planned on the Lin- usean system, and gives in Latin the description, habitat, date of introduction, and month of flowering of each species. A supplement to this work was issued in 1819. HA WORTH, Joseph ( 18.5,5-1903). An Ameri- can actor, born at Providence, R. I. At the age of eighteen he became a member of a stock com- pany in Cleveland, Ohio, where he was brought up, having already once appeared upon the stage there a year or two before with Charlotte Cramp- ton in Richard III. During the season of 1882-83 he toured with John McCullough. Afterwards, for several years, he himself traveled as a star in The Bells. The Learenicorth Case, Hamlet, and other Shakespearean plays. In 1896-98 he supported Madame IModjeska, playing an ex- ceedingly effective Macbeth to her Lady Mac- beth. His subsequent roles included those of John Storm in The Christian, Rafael in The Ohetto, Vinicius in Stanislaus Stange's version of Quo Tadis. and Cassius in Mr. Richard Mans- field's production of Julius Ccesar. Consult: Strang, Famous Actors of the Day in Amej-ica (Boston, 1900): Clapp and Edgett, Players of the Present (New York, 1899). HAW RIVER. A name sometimes applied to the upper course of Cape Fear River ( q.v. in North Carolina, above its confluence with Deep River, the two being regarded as the headstreams of the Cape Fear. HAWSE (older form halse. from Icel. hals, neck, fore part of a ship, AS. heals. Goth.. OHG. hals, Ger. Hals, neck; ultimately connected with Lat. collum, neck). (1) The part of a ship in which the hawse-pipes, or heavy castings furming the lining for the hatise-hole through which the anchor cable passes, are placed. ( 2 ) The direction of the cable by which the sliip is riding. (3) The cables of a shijj when moored. A vessel is athivart the hawse of another when she or her chain is ahead of the latter and across her stem or 'chain, or nearly so. When a ship is moored she is said to have a clear hawse when the chains lead from the hawse-pipes to the anchors without touching each other. The hawse is open when the chains lead away from the bows to their respective anchors and the ship rides to both of them. If a ship lying in this position swings through 180' she will have a cross in her hawse, the chain leading from its pipe across the stem to the anchor wiiich is on the other side : another swing of 180° in the same direction gives an elbow in the hawse; the next, a round turn: the next, a round turn and an elhow ; the next, two round turns, etc. A ship is said to have a foul hawse if her hawse is neither open nor clear. When the chains are in this condition the hawse must be cleared by unwrapping them. To effect this a chain pendant, called the clear hawse pendant, is led out of one of the hawse-pipes and by means of a large hook on the end firmly secured to one of the chains, usually the lee one ( i.e. the one which is hanging slack — not the one by which the ship rides). The clear hawse pendant being made fast inside the ship, the lee chain is un- shackled, and by means of a dip-rope the end is dipped underneath the other and unwound from it. It is then brought into the sliip and shackled to its other part again. This seems a very sim- ])le operation, but, owing to the great weight of the chain cables of large ships, and to the fact that much of the work nuist be done in a boat, perhaps in quite rough water, it is a very laborious and troublesome one. To avoid the necessity of it, heavy swivels, called mooring swivels, are frequently used. This device has two sliackles attached to the lower part and two to the upper. The chains are unshackled and the inner ends attached to the upper shackles of the swivel and the other ends to its lower .shackles. The ship thus moored is free to swing without fouling her chains so long as the swivel is kept in order so that it will revolve with the ship. See ilooH; MooRiXG-SwivEL. The hawse-buckler is an iron plate, hinged to the upper edge of the hawse-pipe on the out- side of the ship, and designed to close the hawse- pipe against the admission of water when at sea. The hawse-hole is the hole in sides of the ship through which the cable passes. The Hawse-Pipe. A heavy casting which forma a lining for the hawse-holes and prevents the cables from tearing the plating of the bow. HAWSER (older forms halser, haulser, hal- sier, OP. haulseree, from haulser, hausser, Fr. hausser, It. alzare, to raise, from Lat. alius, high). A rope of manila fibre four inches or more in circumference, or a wire rope exceeding three inches in circumference. It was formerly the custom to call heavy ropes hawsers only when they were hawser-laid : that is, when they con- sisted of three plain-laid, three-stranded rope.s laid up left-handed. Large plain-laid ropes were called tow-lines. Present practice is, however, less precise, all large ropes being commonly re-