Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/695

* HAVANA. 637 HAVELOCK. Since the evacuation of the island by Spain, the coninieice of Havana has shown a considerable increase. The total value of the foreign commerce for I'.tOO was about .$75,000,000, of which about S-50.000,000 represented imports. The total commerce with the United Stales in the same year amoimted to about $32,000,000. During the same year 3270 vessels, with a total ton- nage of 2,078,126, entered the port, and 3221!, with a tonnage of 2,079,802, cleared. The ex- tensive commerce of Havana is greatly facilitated by the numerous financial institutions situated in the city. The population of Havana, including its suburbs, was 242,055 in 1809, against 200.448 in 1SS7. The foreign born at the last census numbered 52,900, or about 22.5 per cent, of the total population. The Bay of Havana was discovered in 1508 by Sebastian de Ocampo. The city itself was origi- nally founded in 1515 on the south coast, by Diego de Velasquez, but in 1519 it was trans- ferred to its present site. It was sacked and burned by pirates in 1528; was plundered by another band in 1555, having by that time be- come Spain's chief naval station in the New World; and was again despoiled in 1503. It was unsuccessfully attacked by Drake in 15S5, after which the forts ilorro and de la Punta were built. During the seventeenth century it was several times attacked and blockaded by Dutch fleets, while pirates were continually hovering around, on the w'atch for unprotected galleons. During the eighteenth century the city was sev- eral times threatened by the English, who took Morro Castle by assault in 1702 and captured the city, remaining in control for a year. The United States battle-ship Maine was blown up in the harbor on February 15, 1898. In that year the city and harbor were blockaded by the American fleet during the war with Spain. For a good description of Havana, see Norton, Com- plete Handbook of Havana and Cuba (Chicago, 1900). HAVANA. A province of Cuba. See La Habaxa. HAVANA. A city and the county-seat of Mason County, 111., 40 miles southwest of Peoria, on the Illinois River, and on the Illinois Central and the Chicago, Peoria and Saint Louis rail- roads (Map: Illinois, B 3). It has manufactures of drills, gasoline engines, farm implements, flour, etc.. and a considerable trade in fish, agricultural produce, grain, and fruit. The city owns its water-works. Population, in 1890, 2525; in 1900, 3208. HAVAED, a'var', Henry (1838—). A French art critic, born at Charolles. He left France because of his part in the Commune, but returned after the amnesty. His stay in Italy, Belgium, and Holland during his exile did much to influence his choice of art criticism as a vo- cation. In 1887 he was appointed inspector-gen- eral of fine arts. Among his more im[)ortant works, after the early critiques in the Sircle, are : Les merveilles de Vart hollandais (1873); Ob- jets d'art ct de curiosite tires des urands eol- leetions hoUandaises (1873): Les qxiatre der- niers siecles (1874); La Hollande pittoresqiie (1874-78); Amsterdam r1 Venise (1870); L'art et les artistes hoUandais (1879-81); Hisloire de la peinlure hoUandaise (1H81); Jai Hollande A vol d'oiscau (1880) ; La Flandre a vol d'oiseau (1882) ; L'art dans la maison (1884) ; the valua- ble Dielionnaire de ramcublenient ct de la dico- ration (1887-90); with Vachon, Les manufac- tures nationales (1888) ; Voh der Meer de Delft (1889) ; Les Boiille (1893) ; L'orfeverie (1896) ; Les arts de I'ameublenirnt (1897) ; and Histoire ct philosophic des styles (1899-1900). HAVAS (a'va') AGENCY. An organiza- tion in Paris, founded liy a rich merchant, Charles Ilavas, in the reign of Louis PlLilippc, for the purpose of gathering telegraphic news and suiqilying it to newspapers. It was in 1879 converted into a company. HAVASUPI, ha'va-soo'pe. A small but in- teresting tribe of Yunian linguistic stock in the Coconino Canon, northwestern Arizona. Al- though numbering only 250, their isolation has enabled them to preserve their primitive char- acteristics to a remarkable degree. Living as they do in the bottom of a caiiou, isolated from the outside world by great perpendioilar barriers of rock, the Havasupi Indians :irc ]icrliaps nearer to the original estate than any other tribe in the Southwest. They are agriculturists and en- tirely self-supporting, having always possessed three years' provisions stored away in stone-built granaries in the clefts of the mountain walls. The women are expert basket-makers. To the Spaniards they were known as Cojonino. HAVEL, ha'vel. A river of Northern Ger- many, and a considerable tributary of the Elbe. It has its origin in a small lake a mile w'est of the town of Neustrelitz. in Mecklenburg ( Map : Germany, E 2). It flows southward from its source to Potsdam, and thence west and north- west to its junction with the Elbe, opposite the town of Werben. Its entire length is 220 miles, and it is navigable to Filrstenberg, a town within 30 miles of its source. The Havel, forming for a considerable part of its course the connecting link to a long chain of lakes, is of great impor- tance to the internal trade of Prussia, and serves as a feeder to numerous canals. Of its affluents, the Spree, which is longer than the Havel, is the only one worthy of mention. HAVELOCK, hav'e-lok. Sir Henry (1795- 1857). An English soldier. He was born .pril 5, 1795, at Bishop-Wearmouth. Durham, where his father was a merchant and a shipbuilder. He was educated at the Charterhouse and studied law at the Middle Temple, but abandoned the profession. He entered the army soon after the battle of Waterloo, went to India in 1823, and distinguished himself in the Afghan and Sikh w-ars. In 1856 he commanded a division of the army that invaded Persia. News arriving of the Indian Mutiny, in 1857. he hastened to Calcutta. He was directed to organize a small movable column at Allahabad, and to push on to the re- lief of Cawnpore and Lucknow. By forced marches and three sanguinary victories he reached Cawnpore, and found the nuitilated lioilies of the English women and children who h:id been massacred upon his approach. An avenging column quitted Cawnpore to advance upon Lucknow. After eight victorious battles with the rebels, Havclock's little army, thinned by fatigue and sickness, was obliged to retire ujion Cawnpore. Early in September, 1857. Gen- eral Outran! arrived with reenforcenienls: Have- lock again advanced to the relief of Lucknow, Outran! chivalrously refusing to take the com-