Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/682

* HAT. 624 HATCH. slipped over and brought to its position, and then a second side-picee and another crown are ce- mented on. The whole of the body, thus prepared, now receives a coat of size ; subsequently it is varnished, and it is ready for the operation of covering. Tn covering this body, the under brim, generally of merino, is first attached, then the upper brim, and lastly the crown and side sewed together are drawn over. All these by hot iron- ing and stretching are drawn smooth and tight, and as the varnish of the body softens with the heat, body and cover adliere to each other at all points without wrinkle or pucker. Dressing and polishing, by means of damping, brushing, and ironing, come ne.xt, after which the hat is velured in a revolving machine by the application of haircloth and velvet velures, which cleans tlie nap and gives a smooth and glossy surface. The brim has then only to be bound, the linings inserted, and the brim finally curled, when the hat is ready for use. The plush used for silk hats is made almost wholly in France. For many years in all kinds of hat-making the French e.xcelled, and in such centres as Anduze, Lyons, and Paris the trade is very extensive and important. In Great Britain the felt hat trade is principally centred at Denton and otiier localities in the neighbor- hood of Manchester, and in America the States of Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey enjoy the greater part of the industry. The manufacture of straw hats has grown to be a large industry in the United States witliin recent years, and large quantities are annually exported. The straw braid, like all hat mate- rials, is chiefly imported, coming from Italy, China, and Japan. The straw braid is sewed by machinery and shaped by means of a block, the pressing being done, *frequently, with hydraulic machines. A sizing of glue is used to stiffen the hat before it is pressed. See Straw Manufac- tures. iStatistics. — In 1810 the number of fur hats reported as made in the country in one year was 457,666, of which 4.5.360 were made in Pennsyl- vania. According to the census of 1840, the value of the' hats and caps of all kinds made annually in the United States was $8,704,342. At the census of 1850, 1048 establishments, with a ■cajjital of $4,427,708, were engaged in the manu- facture of hats and caps. Half a century later IVl establishments were engaged in the manu- facture of fur hats, and 24 of wool hats. The fur-hat industry engaged a capital of $16,701,308, and there was produced an annual output valued at $27,811,187. The wool-hat industry involved a capital of $2.0.50,802, and produced soods valued at $3,501,040. HATASTJ, ha'tft-soS, or HATSHEPSET, ha- chep'sOt (H.TSiiEpsu). An Egyptian queen of the Eighteenth Dynasty, also called P.amaka (or Ma-ka-ra) and Chnemt Amum. The daugh- ter of Thotmes I., she was associated with him in the last years of his reign; became the con- cubine of his son Thotmes II., who succeeded his father: and. as guardian of his son, later Thotmes III., to whom she married her daugh- ter, exercised a great influence over his brilliant reign, and was for some time practically sove- reign, as is typified by her appearance on the monuments in male garb. The mutilation of her name in inscriptions points to a falling ouit be- tween her and the young King, and probably to his complete assumption of power. From South- ern Arabia an expedition sent out by Hatasu brought back rich treasure. The temple near Thebes, called Der el-Bahri, which is approached by a lane of sphinxes and is surrounded by obe- lisks, contains many of the records of her reign and an especially vivid representation of the expedition to Punt. HATCH, Edward (1832-90). An American soldier in tlie Civil War, born in Bangor, Maine. He began his military career at Washington in 1861, but went West the same j'ear, and rose rapidly from captain to be lieutenant-colonel of the Second Iowa Cavalry. By 1862 he was colonel of the same. He served under General (!rant in the South, and after commanding the entire cav- alry division in the Army of the Tennessee he was made brigadier-general (1864). His gallantry in the field caused his further promotion to the rank of major-general, and his transference from the volunteer to the regular arm}' corps as colonel of the Ninth United States Cavalry. In this capacity he was engaged in military service in the far West after the war was over. HATCH, Edwin (1835-89). An English theo- logian, born at Derby. He was educated at' Pem- broke College, Oxford; was ordained deacon in 1858, and priest in 1859; from 1859 to 1862 was professor of classics in Trinity College, Toronto, Can., from 1862 to 1867 rector of the Quebec High School; and from 1867 to 1885 was vice-principal of Saint Mary Hall, Oxford. In 1883 he became rector of Purleigh, Essex, in 1884 university reader in ecclesiastical history and secretary to the boards of faculties. He was Bamptcju lecturer in 1880, Grinfield lecturer on the Sep- tuagint from 1882 to 1884, and Hibbert lec- turer in 1888. The degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by the University of Edinlmrgh in 1883. He was a founder (1870) and the first editor of the Official Gazette. In theology he was an independent thinker, who sought to effect at Oxford a scientific basis for that study. He published The Student's Handbook to the TJniver- sitji and Colleges of Oxford in 1S73 {7th ed. 1883). but The Orfianization of the EarJ/i Chris>- tian ('huirhcs (Baxupton Lectures, 1881) was his first important volume. This was rendered into German, by the eminent Dr. Harnack, as Die OcscUschaftsverfassyiig der ehristlirlicn. Kirchen in Alterthum (Giessen, 1883). Other works by him were: The Groirlli- of Church In- stitutions (1887), and Creek Influence on Chris- tianity (the "Hibbert Lectures," edited by Dr. Fairbairn, 1890). His writings were read and discussed with interest in Scotland, Germany, and the United States, as well as in England. Consult an article by Harnack in the Theolo- gische Litteratur Zeitunfj (1890). HATCH, John Porter (1822-1901). An American soldier, born in Oswego, N. Y. He graduated at West Point in 1845. and went in 1846 to the war in Mexico as a lietitenant of in- fantry, but exchanged the following year for the mounted rifles, and was promoted for gallantry in the field during the Civil War. which he had entered as brigadier-general of volunteers. He joined the Regular Army in 1866, and rose to be colonel of the Second Cavalry Regiment, 1881, but I'etired in five years. HATCH, RuFU-s (1832-93). An American banker, born in Wells, Y'ork County, Maine. Re- moving to Illinois, he was first a clerk in a