Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/672

* HARZ MOUNTAINS. 614 HASDRXJBAL. beech, but the summits, owing to the raw climate, support only a stunted growth of vegetation. The higher peaks are enveloped in log during a large part of the year, and llie rainfall is heavy, (jleologically, the range consists of Devonian and Carboniferous strata, which have been broken through by eruptive granites, diabase, and por- pliyry. The mineral resources are of great im- portance, copper, silver, lead, and iron being pro- duced at several localities. Alining was carried on as early as the twelfth century, but the de- posits arc still far from exhausted. Clausthal, in the Upjier llarz, is the seat of a famous min- ing academy. The region is well patronized by tourists, as it is rich in historic and legendary interest, as well as in scenery. See Brocken. HARZREISE, harts'ri-ze. Die (Ger., journey through the Harz). A celebrated autobiograph- ical narrative by Heinrich Heine (1824), b.ased on an actual tour bj' the author, of which the work is a picturesque account. HASAN, ha'san, and HOSEIN, hft-san'. Two grandchildren of Mohammed, sons of his young- est daughter, Fatima, and Ali. After the as- sassination of Ali (q.v. ), his adherents at Cufa recognized his eldest son Hasan as caliph, while Jloawiya asserted his claim to the entire Moslem Empire, and gathered a powerful army to in- vade Irak. Hasan, a man of little courage, with more taste for the harem than the camp, agreed to abdicate at the first taste of war, and retired to Medina (061). He was poisoned by one of his wives eight years later. On the death of Moawiya ( 680 ) the people of Cufa made over- tures to Hosein, who was then at Jlecca visiting him, to claim the caliphate in opposition to Yezid, Moawiya's son. With a small force he j.roceeded to Irak. Yezid, well informed of the movement, had made ample preparations to receive him, and he was slain at Kerbela on the 10th of JIuharram, 681. The fate of the house of Ali niade a fleep impression on the Moslem world. The Shiites (see Mohammedan Sects) still re- fuse to recognize the claims to the caliphate of any except Ali and his sons. They observe the loth of JIuharram as a day of mourning, and de- vote the nine preceding days of the month to the memory of the martyrs. The so-called 'miracle play,' a dramatic representation of the history of Hosein, is given, and the spectators become wrought up to the most extravagant expressions of sorrow, and the highest pitch of fanatical en- thusiasm. In one of its forms the play lasts for the entire ten days, culminating on the last day in the representation of the death of Hosein. Consult: Muir. AnnaJs of the Em'lii Caliphate (London, 1883) ; Pelly, The Miraele Play of Flnsnn and Hosein, Collected from Oral Tradition (London, 1879). HAS'CALL, MiLo Smith (1820-1904). An American soldier, born in Genesee County, N. Y, In 1846 he moved to Goshen, Ind., and two years later was appointed a cadet at the United States Military Academy. After two years' service in the Regular Army he resigned his commission, and went back to Goshen, where he became a law- yer and filled various political offices. At the out- break of the Civil Ynr he enlisted as a private, but was soon appointed aide-de-camp to General Morris, with the rank of captain, and assisted in organizing six volunteer regiments. On June 12, 1861, he was made colonel of the Seventeenth Indiana Volunteers, and took part in the suc- cessful West Virginia campaign. He was com- missioned brigadier-general of volunteers on April 25, 1862. Having been transferred to the Army of the Cumberland, he was put in command of a brigade which fought through the Tennessee campaign (October, 1862, to March, 1863). At the battle of Murfreesboro (December 31. 1862- January 3, 1863) he had command of the Sixth Division under Major-General Crittenden. From June to August, 1803, he was in command of the District of Indiana, and afterwards com- manded a division in the Army of the Ohio, which took part in the defense of Knoxville (No- vember to December, 1863). The next year he commanded the Second Division of the Twenty- third Army Corps in the Army of the Ohio dur- ing the invasion of Georgia. He resigned on October 27, 1864. and returned to Goshen, where he engaged in banking, but later entered the real estate business in Chicago. HASCHKA, hash'ka, Lobenz Leopold (1749- 1827). An Austrian poet, born at Vienna. In 17U8 he became professor of festhetics in the Theresianum ; he was custodian of the university library, and wrote many lyrics, of which the best-known is the Austrian national hynm, "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser," set to music by Haydn. HASDEN, hils'den, Bogdan Petriceicu (1838 — ). A Rumanian poet, historian, and philolo- gist. He taught history in the gymnasium of Jassy, and in 1875 became professor of com- parative philolog3' and director of the national archives at Bucharest. His literary labors in- clude dramas, satiric romances, and editorial work, especially on the Hevista Xoiia. The most important of his philological works is Etymolog- icuin Mafiiiiiin liomaniir (1886). HAS'DKTJBAL (Phicnician, whose help is Baal, Gk. 'A<r5/)oii/3as, Asdrouhafi) . A name of freqiient occurrence in Carthaginian history. The more important characters who bore the name follow: (1) Son of Hanno, a general during the First Punic War, who took the field against Regu- lus in B.C. 256, and met with signal defeat. He was afterwards sent to Sicily with a large army and 140 elephants, but accomplished nothing dur- ing a two years' stay in the island, and was at length totally overthrown at Panormus (Paler- mo) bj-' the Roman consul JNIetellus in B.C. 250, and on his return to Carthage was jnit to death for his lack of generalship. (2) Son-in-law of the great Hamilear Barca(q.v. ), an important states- man of the period between the First and Second Punic wars, and a constant ally of his father-in- law and the popular party in Carthage. After demonstrating his military ability in several minor campaigns, he was given the cliiof control in Spain, where he soon proved his still greater administrative and diplomatic power. He found- ed the city of Carthago Nova (Cartagena) as a port of communication with the mother city, and also as a convenient centre for the silver-mines which contributed immensely to the Carthaginian resources ; and he was so successful in winning over or subduing the Spanish tribes that he brought almost the whole peninsula imder his sway. He was assassinated by a revenceftil slave in B.C. 221. (3) Son of Hamilear Bflrca, and brother of the groat Hannibal, who left him in command in Spain when he began his famous