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* HARRISON. 589 HARRISON. he was appointed a inembor of the Mississippi River Commission. lu 1880 he was elected United States Senator, taking liis seat March 4, 1881, and during his term of ofTice opposed alien ownersliip of large tracts of land and the Blair Educational Bill; favored civil-service re- form ; and was one of a committee to perfect and report a bill restricting Chinese immigration. In 1888, at the Republican Convention in Cliica- go, he was nominated for the Presidency, receiv- ing 84 votes on the first ballot, 217 on tlie fiurtli, and 54-1 on the eiglith. In the ensuing election he received 233 electoral votes to Cleve- land's IGS, Levi P. Morton, of New York, being elected Vice-President. His administration was marked by no especi.ally conspicuous features; but during it the Pan-American Congress, the initia- tion of the policy of commercial reciprocity (q.v.) , and the attempt to annex Hawaii to the United States attracted much attention. The industrial situation was much altered bv the !McKinley Tariff of October 1, 1800; the public debt was re- duced, and a stable national currency maintained ; civil-service reform was extended; the Louisiana Lottery was abolished ; the condition of both the army and the navy was improved; and many highly creditable appointments to office were made, especially in the Federal judiciary. In the summer of 1892 Harrison's Secretary of State, Mr. Blaine (q.v.), resigned and became an avowed candidate for the Presidential nomination; but Harrison was again nominated, only to be de- feated in the election by his predecessor, Grover Cleveland (q.v.), receiving 145 electoral votes. After leaving office he accepted a professorship of international law at the Leland Stanford Uni- versity. California. During the remaining years of his life he devoted himself to the practice of law, being retained in several cases of national importance, and in 1899 appearing as counsel for Venezuela before the conniiission appointed to arbitrate the boundary dispute with England. He was the principal representative of the United States at The Hague Conference (1899). His death occurred after a brief illness, at Indian- apolis, March 13, 1901. He wrote numerous magazine articles, made a number of able speeches on public occasions, and published This Country of Ours (1897). in which he gave an interesting description of the practical workings of the National Government. Another book. Views of an Ex-Prcsident, was published post- humously in 1901. Consult: Wilson (editor). The Presidents of the United States (New York, 1894) ; and the campaign biography by Lew Wallace, Life of General Benjamin Harrison (Philadelphia. 188S). For an account of Har- rison's Administration, see the article United States. HARRISON, C.RTER Hexrt (182.5-93). An American politician. He was born near Lexing- ton, Ky., and, like William Henry and Benjamin Harrison, was a descendant of the Virginia Har- risons. He graduated at Yale in 184.5, studied law at Transylvania University at Lexington, and after two years' travel and desultory study in Europe, returned to Kentucky to practice his profession. He soon began to take an active interest in politics, and became an opponent of disunion .and the extension of slavery. In 18,5.5 he removed to Cliicago. where faith in the future of the city led him to make profitable investments in real estate. In 1871 he was elected County Conunissioner of Cook County, and from 1874 to 1878 was a Democratic member of Congress. In 1870 he was chosen JIayor of Chicago, and was reiilected for biennial terms in 1881, 1883, and 1885. In 1884 he was the Democratic candidate for Governor of Illinois, but was defeated by Governor Oglesby by 14,500 votes. In 1891 he was an independent candidate for Mayor, and drew so largely frciui the vole of the Democratic candidate that the Kepuldican was elected. The year 1893 was the year of the 'orld's Fair at Chicago, and it was deemed by the business community, as well as by the re- formers and promoters of the great enterprise, particularly necessary to have an able, high-mind- ed administrator in the Mayor's office. These ele- ments joined with the Republicans, and .secured the nomination of Samuel W. Allerton, a man of acknowledged fitness. Harrison, however, after a long and bitter contest, in which there were frequent charges of fraud and intimidation, secured the Democratic nomination, and in .pril was triumphantly elected. He was assassinated on October 29th following, one of the closing days of the great Exposition. Although a political demagogue, Harrison differed from the modern political boss in that he relied on his personal popularity rather than machine organizations to win his victories, and despite the fact that his methods of obtaining and maintaining power were somewhat open to question, it was never charged that he himself derived pecuniary gain from his office. His son. Carter Henry (18G0— ), was born in Chicago. He was educated at .Vltenburg, Ger- many, and at the Law School of Yale, where he graduated in 1883. He was elected Mayor of Chicago in 1897, and again in 1899. HARRISON. Constance C.^^RY (1846—). An American novelist, born at Vaucluse, Va. In 1867 she married Burton Harrison, a Virginia lawyer and private secretary to .lefferson Davis, and with him removed later to New York City, where she wrote many books and contributed to periodicals. Among her more noteworthy vol- umes of fiction are: Golden Rod (1880) ; Helen Troy (1881); Bar Harbor Days (1887); The Anglomaniacs (1887) ; Sweet Bells Out of Tunc (1893); .1 Daiirihtcr of the South (1892); An Errant Wooinf) (1895) ; A Merry Maid of Aready and Other Stories (1897): A Son of the Old Dominion (1897); Good Amerieans (1898). For children she wrote: Old-Fashioned Fairy Book (1884); and Folk and Fairy Taks (1885). Worthy of mention also is Externals of Modern Vf»' York (1806). Her dramatic work consists chiclly of adaptations from the French. HARRISON, Frederic (1831-). An able English essayist, born in London. He was edu- cated at King's College School, London, and at Wadham College, Oxford. He became fellow and tutor at Wadham, and was called to the bar in 1858. After practicing in the courts of equity, he was appointed a member of the royal commis- sion upon trades unions (1867-69). secretary of the royal commission for digesting the law ( 1869- 70). and professor of jurisprudence and inter- national law at Lincoln's Inn Hall (1877-89). In 1889-92 he was alderman in the London County Council. In polities he supported the Liberal Party. As a philosopher he is one of the