Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/626

* HARMODIUS. 570 HARMONICON. Harmodius for himself, but, not succeeding, avenged liimsclf by insulting publicly the sister of Harmodius. Thereupon the two laid a plot to slay both Hipparchus and his brother Hippias on the day of the great Panathenaic festival, B.C. 514. The plot miscarried by reason of a prema- ture attack being made. Hipijarchus was slain, but Harmodius was at once overpowered by the guards. Aristogiton tied, but was afterwards taken and executed; though put to the torture, he did not disclose the names of the real con- spirators. Hippias was afterwards expelled (b.c. 510), and then and in all later times Harmodius and Aristogiton were honored as martyrs who had fallen in the cause of liberty. Their praises were sung in drinking songs, and they received almost divine honors. Two bronze statues, "made by Antenor, were set up in their honor on the Agora; these were carried away by Xerxes at the time of the Persian War, but were after- wards brought back by Alexander the Great. Other statues by Critius and Nesiotes, however, in 477 replaced those carried away by the Persian king. Tlie descendants of Harmodius and Aris- togiton enjoyed freedom from taxation and from all public duties. Consult: Harrison and Ver- rall, MythoJoqies and Monuments of Ancient Athens (New' York, 1890) ; p. 77 ff.; Frazer, Pausnnias (Cambridge, 1898), vol. ii., p. 92 fif. ; and the better histories of Greece and of Greek sculpture. HAR'MON, John. The hero of Dickens's Our Mutual Friend, who. under the respective aliases of Julius Handford and John Rokesmith, returns to England, escapes a charge of murder, and watches the use which his deceased father's steward makes of his inheritance until his dis- guise is accidentally discovered. He eventually marries Bella' Wilfer. HARMON, JuDSON ( 1846— ). An American lawyer. He was born at Newtown, Ohio, and graduated at Denison University in 186G, and at the Cincinnati Law School in 1869. He was originally a member of the Republican Party, but left it in the Greeley-Grant campaign. In 1878 he was elected to the Superior Court of Cin- cinnati ; but nine years later be returned to active practice, from which, in 1895, he was called to succeed Richard Olney as Attorney-General in President Cleveland's second Cabinet. In 1897, immediately after his retirement from the Cabi- net, he was elected president of the Ohio Bar Association. Soon afterwards he became a lec- turer on agency in the law department of the XTniversity of Cincinnati. HARMO'NIA (Lat., from Gk.'Ap/jtovia, from ap/i6^, harmos, joint, from apciv, arein, to be about to join). In the Theban legend, the daugh- ter of Ares and Aphrodite, and wife of Cadmus (q.v. ), who received her after slaying the dragon. The wedding was attended by all the gods, and in the Theban cycle seems to have occupied as prominent a place as that of Peleus and Thetis in the tale of Troy. Among the gifts were a mantle and necklace, which played a large part in the later legend as bringing ruin to their possessors; with the necklace Polynices bribed Eriphyle to betray her husband. Amphiaraus (q.v.). to his death. When Cadmus was introduced into the Samothracian mysteries, Harnionia became the daughter of Zeus and Electra, and sister of Dar- danus and lasion, and the marriage was cele- brated at Samothrace. Another version told how Cadmus carried off Harmonia, who was sought during the mysteries, as Core at Eleusis. Harmonia seems originally to have been a god- dess of love and the harmonizing power of nature. Different in origin is the Attic Har- monia, who joins in the chorus of Muses and Graces, as companion of Aphrodite, and even be- comes mother of the Mvises in Euripides. There she is simply a personification of order and har- mony. HARMON'ICA (Neo-Lat. nom. sg. fem., from Lat. harmonicus, Gk. ap/ioviKoc^ harmonikos, har- monious, musical, from ap/iorm, harnwnia, har- mony). A musical instrument, invented by Ben- jamin Franklin. The instrument consisted of a series of glasses, each one in the shape of a cup, or half-globe, being put into a revolving motion on its centre, while the moistened rim was touched by the finger. Franklin, in a letter dated July 13, 1762, to Padre Beccaria, at Turin, men- tions the history of his invention. An Irishman named Puckeridge was the first to hit on the idea of playing airs on a row of glasses, which hr tuned by putting water into each. He performed publicly in London; but he and his glasses wei'e burned in a confl.agration in London in 1750. A'hen Franklin finished his invention he found an excellent performer in a Miss Davis, to whom he made a present of his harmonica. Miss Davis, in 1765, performed on the harmonica in Paris, Vienna, and all the large cities of Germany with great effect. The compass of its notes was from C to F, including all the chromatic semitones. All attempts to make the harmonica, through means of keys, easier for amateurs, ended in failure, as no substance was found to act as a substitute for the human finger, which doubt- less imparted an expression to the sound which no dead substance could possess. HARMONIC CURVE. A cur'e formed by the vibration of a musical string. The curve of sines (q.v.) is a simple harmonic curve. The name harmonic was used in this connection by the Greek geometers in investigating the theory of music. HARMONIC DIVISION. In geometry, a line-segment AB is said to be harmonically di- vided when two points are taken, one in the segment and the other on the segment produced, as C and D, such that AC:CB=AD:DB. Four quantities, a, 6, c, d, are said to be in harmonic proportion when their reciprocals -, =-, -, - are so related that, =:. abed bade The 'harmonic mean' of two numbers, a, h, is a+b It is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the two numbers. HARMONICON (Neo-Lat., from Gk. dp^o- vikSp, ]iiin)ioniIion, neu. of apfioviKds, harmonikos, harmonious, musical). Chemical. An appara- tus consisting of an open glass tube, the air in which may be made to give a sound resembling a musical note when it is held over a jet of burning hydrogen. The sounds produced arise