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* HARDY. 557 HARDY. HAR'DY, Artiur SiiERBi-RXE (1S47— ). An Aiiu'iicau iKivelist, (lipluinat, and writer (in niatli- ematics. He was born at lioston, ^railnated at West Point at tlic aj^e of twenty-two, ami served for some time in the army. He was professor of civil eni;ineerin^, Iowa College, from 1871 to 187;!, received the dejjreo of Ph.D. from Andierst in the latter year, then studied ahroad, and held the chairs of civil engineering (1874-78) and mathe- matics (1878-93)" at Dartmouth. The latter position he resigned for the purpose of devoting himself to literary and diplomatic pursuits. He was United States ilinisler Resident and Consul- General at Teheran, Persia (1897-99) ; Minister to Greece, Rumania, and Servia (1899-1901); Minister, to Switzerland (1901-02); and in 191)2 was appointed Minister to Spain. His mathemat- ical publications include the following: Elements of Quaternions (1881); Xcir Methods in Topo- graphical 8nrveyin(/ (1884); Elements of Ana- lytic Geometry (1888); Elements of Calculus (1890) ; and a translation of Argand's work on Imaginarics (New York, 1881). He is better known by his fiction, which includes; But Yet a HoHiare "(1883) : The Wind of Destiny (1886) ; Passe Rose (1889). He is also author of two poetical works, Francescn of Rimini (1878) and fionffs of Tuo ( 1900), and of the Life and Letters of Joseph Hardy Xeesima (1891). HARDY, Arthur Sturgis (1837-99). A Canadian statesman. He was born at jMount Pleasant, Ont.; was educated at the grammar school of his native town and at Rockwood Academy; studied law, and was called to the bar in 1805. After a period of successful law practice, he was made a Queen's Counsel in 1870. He entered political life in 1873, and was re- turned as Liberal member for South Brant in the Ontario Legislature. In 1877 he was made Pro- vincial Secretary, and in 1899 Commissioner of Crown Lands in the Mowat Cabinet, and when the latter became a member of the Dominion Cabinet at Ottawa in 1896, Mr. Hardy became Premier and Attorney-Cieneral of Ontario. He was an active and very useful legislator, and in his term of office introduced many bills, most of which were passed, relating to railways, courts and legal procedure, sanitation, and liquor licenses. HARDY, Sir Charles (c.1716-80). An Eng- lish admiral. He was the son of Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Hardy, eiitered the navy in 1730, and in 1737 was promoted to be a third lieu- tenant. After serving on several ships he was sent in 1744 in charge of a convoy to Newfound- land. In this he was unsuccessful, and having been blamed for the' loss of part of the convoy, was court-martialed, but was acquitted. In 1745 he commanded a ship ofT the coast of Portugal, here he fought a severe thoxigh indecisive ac- tion with a French man-of-war. Appointed Gov- ernor of New York in 1755, and rear-admiral of the blue the following year, he aided Admiral Boscawen in the siege and reduction of Louis- bourg in 1758. He was second in command under Hawke during the blockade of Brest, and at the battle of Quiberon Bay was made vice- admiral in 1702, and admiral in 1770. The most important event in Hardy's professional life was his appointment to the command of the Channel Fleet in 1779. when an invasion by the combined French and Spanish fleets was immi- nent. He had only thirty-nine ships of the line against the enemy's sixty-si,; but the allied ad- mirals declined to attack, and returned to Brest. HARDY, Gathobne. See Cbanuhooic, First Karl (jf. HARDY, TIIO.MAS (1840—). An English realistic novelist, born in Dorsetshire. At the age of sixteen he was articled to an ecclesiastical architect in Dorchester. He studied for a time at King's College, London, and in 1803 re- ceived a prize from the Royal Institute of Brit- ish Architects for an essay upon Coloured Uriel; and Tcrra-Cotia Architecture. He worked as an architect — especially in the Gothic School — under Sir A. Blomfield in London from 1862 to 1807, and though he deserted it for literature the fol- lowing year, the inllucnee of his early studies is left upon his writing. His desire for scientific precision sometinu-s leads him to the introduction of technical words and phrases, hich mar the otherwise severe simplicity of his style. The architect is perforce the antiquary, and from the days when Hardy took ])rofessional excursions to different village churches to see if they were worth restoring, lie steeped himself in the lore of his native county, which he calls Wessex. His first publication was an article in Cham,- hers's Journal (March, 1865), entitled Hoic I Built Myself a House, and after an unsuccess- ful attempt, called The Poor Man and the Lady, which Gt'orge Meredith advised him to recon- sider, he brought forth his first novel, Desperate Remedies (1871). a crude and fantastic effort, but interesting as illustrative of the author's formative stage. He struck a surer note in Vnder the Greenwemd Tree (1872), an idyllic love story, or, as the title-page has it, "A Rural Painting of the Dutch School." Here, the lightness of touch is equaled in none of his later work. A Pair of Blue Eyes (1873) marked Hardy's progress in the study of the whimsicali- ties of womankind, and their resultant tragedy; but Far from the Madding Crowd was the book which first gained him popular favor. Vhile riuining as an anon^inous serial in the Cornhill Magazine throughout the year 1874, it was at- tributed to George Eliot, not from any similarity of style, but because no other living author was considered capable of writing it. A farcical pro- duction, called The Hand of Ethelherta : A Com- edy in Chapters (1870), illustrated by George Dii ]Maurier. preceded The Return of the Xatire ( 1878), the first really great work of Hardy, and one which by some is even regarded as his mas- terpiece. By this time he had shaken ofT self- consciousness, invention had given place to imag- ination, and he was able, to create dramatic characters and situations worthy of their inimi- table stage setting, Egdon Heath. His description of that wild moorland, in the opening cliapters, is a fitting introduction to the stormy lives that are mingled with it; and here the author's feeling for nature is most vividly illustrated. In The Trumpet Major ( 1880), he returned to his earlier manner of the (Ireenu-ood Tree and the Madding Crowd without attaining the graceful charm of the one or the strength of the other. Hardy is supreme in his own Wessex; here, he exhibits, on the one hand, a high degree of sensibility to the delights of her rural life, and, on the other, the keenest sympathy with the rustic point of