Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/605

* HARBOR-SEAIi. 551 HARDANGER FJORD. 51/;! feet, and a weiglit of from 80 to 100 pounds. Brownish yellow with dark .spots is the common- est color, init many variations occur, such as al- most uniform dark brown, nearly black, and dark spotting on a light ground, or the reverse. It is distinct in habits from other seals, with which, in the North, it never associates on the ice-floes, but remains by itself on or near the shore, where it ascends the Arctic rivers almost to their sources in pursuit of the salmon. Hence it is known to seamen as the 'fresh-water' seal. The white skins of the young seals are regarded by the nortlieastern Eskimo as the best and prettiest material from which to make undergarments and the jackets of women and children. This is the common .seal of Xorthern Europe and the liritish Islands. It is often captured young and petted and trained, when it shows great docility and affection, and its tricks are frequently exhibited in public shows. HARBOR SPRINGS. A village and the county-seat of Enunet County, Mich., five miles northwest of Petoskey, on Lake Jlichigan and on the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad (Map: Michigan, H 3). It is a favorite summer resort, annually visited by some 5000 persons. It has an excellent landlocked harbor. The prin- cipal manufactures are lumber in various prod- ucts, and flour. Population, in 1890, 1052; in 1900, 1643. HARBURG, hiir'boorK. The capital of a circle in the Prussian Province of Hanover, situ- ated on an arm of the Elbe, over which are built a raih'oad and a street bridge on the road to Hamburg, 7 miles to the north (Map: Prussia, C 2). The most noteworthy building of the town is the old castle on the Elbe. Harburg has a 'real' gymnasium and several industrial and commer- cial schools. It is a place of some industrial ac- tivity, producing jute, linseed and cocoanut oil, gutta-percha wares, chemicals, leather, cement, glass, machinery, boilers, and small steamers. It is connected by rail with Hamburg, Cuxhaven, and Bremen, and with Hamburg also by an elec- tric street railway, and has a growing trade in groceries, wine, oil, coal, timber, etc. Harburg obtained municipal rights in 1297 ; belonged to Liineburg and Hanover; and passed to Prussia in 1806. Population, in 1890, 35,081; in 1900, 49,1.53. HAR'COURT, Simon, first Earl Harcourt (1714-77). . English diplomat and statesman. He was the only son of the Hon. Simon Harcourt, who died in 1720. On the death of his grand- father, Simon, first Viscount Harcourt, in 1727, he succeeded to the family titles and estates. After an excellent education and four years of foreign travel, he was appointed lord of the bed- chamber to George II. In 1745 he raised a regi- ment for defense of the kingdom against the rebels, and in 1749 was advanced to the dignity of an earl. Harcourt was appointed governor to the Prince of Wales, afterwards George TIL, but resigned owing to his dislike of the absolutist principles in which the young Prince was in- .structed. Promoted to be lieutenant-general in 1759, he was appointed in 1761 special ambassa- dor to demand the hand of the Princess Charlotte in marriage for the young King, who had s>ie- ceeded to the throne in 1760. He was made .Am- bassador to Pans in 1768. and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1772. By a proposal to tax the rents of absentee landlords he gained much [lopularity in that country, but the proposal was rejected by the Irish Parliament, which was swayed by English opinion. There was nuieh oliicial cor- ruption during his term as Lord Lieutenant. He resigned in 1777. HARCOURT, William, third Earl of (1743- 1830). An English field-marshal. His military career began at the age of sixteen, when he took command of a troop raised at his father's expense and know'n as 'Harcourt's Black Hor.se.' He was aide-de-camp to Lord Albemarle at the siege of Havana (1762), but returned home to represent Oxford in Parliament (1768-74). Ho was a lieutenant-colonel of dragoons in the American Revolutionary War, and distinguished himself in the capture of Gen. Charles Lee, near the Delaware. During the war in Flanders he was raised to the command of the Duke of York's cavalry (1795), was made a general the following year, as well as head of the Royal ^Military College, Great Marlow, a position he held from its opening until 1805, and he was created field- marshal on the occasion of the coronation of George IV. HARCOURT, Sir William George Gran- ville Venables Vernon (1827-1904). An Eng- lish statesman. He completed his education in Trinity College, Cambridge. Beginning the practice of l.aw in 1854, he was in 1866 appointed Queen's Counsel. From 1868 to 1880 he repre- sented Oxford in the House of Commons; from 1880 to 1895, Derby; and from 1895 until his death, Slonmouthshire West had him as a representative. His principles were thor- oughly liberal. His election to the profcssorsliip of international law in the University of Cam- bridge in 1869 is evidence of scholarship in his special field of study; so, too, was his appointment to the royal commission for amend- ing the neutrality laws and to the royal com- mission for amending the naturalization laws. He was Secretary of State for the HoTue De- partment, 1880-85, and Chancellor of the Ex- chequer, 1886 and 1892-95. From 1894 to 1898 he led the Liberal opposition : and after the latter date he took an active stand against the policy of the Government with reference to the sinking fund, to the negotiations with the Trans- vaal, and to the raising of funds for the sup- port of the South African War. As Home Secretary he introduced in 1884 an impor- tant bill for the reform of the municipal government of London. The budget which he, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, presented in 1894 made the income tax considerably more graduated, and reformed the 'death rates.' This budget is often mentioned as his greatest work. Amid his political labors he contributed to the Saturday Review; and various political pam- phlets and letters originally printed in the Tiinrsi, and signed 'Historicus,' were afterwards rcpid)- lished in a volume with considerable additions. HARDANGER (har'diing or) FJORD. An inlet of the Province of Soiith Bergcnhns, Norway, on the southwest coast. It is about 68 miles long and extends northeastward and south, encircling the Folgefond. With a regular steamboat service, it is a notable visiting place for summer tourists, owing to its wild and picturesque scenery, em- bracing mountain peaks, lofty cliffs, waterfalls, and on the east the Hardanger Fjeld, an elevated