Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/58

* GOODY BLAKE AND HARKY GILL. 38 GOOSE. prevented from removing the fuel, she prays that lie may never again be warm, and her curse is elTective. GOOD'YEAB, Chaeles (1800-60). An American inventor, born at New Haven, Conn. He was the son of an iron-manufacturer, with whom, at the age of twenty-one, he went into business in Philadelphia. Failing in the iron trade, his attention was attracted to the manu- facture of india-rubber, and he expended all his means in experiments with various mixtures and processes which should remedy the fatal defects of india-rubber in its natural state, since it is brittle in cold weather and sticky in warm weather. His efforts were a series of failures, excepting a partial success in treating the sur- face of rubber goods with nitric acid, until he bought of one Hayward, a rival experimenter, an invention for mixing india-rubber with sulphur. The great secret of vulcanizing, a process in which the two substances, submitted to a high temperature, are converted into the elastic, en- during, and heat and cold defying material now in use, was an accidental discovery made by Goodj'ear while standing by a stove, and idly sub- jecting a mixture of rubber and sulphur to its heat. This new product he patiently perfected, discovering new uses to which it could be applied, until it required sixty patents to secure his in- ventions. Some of these rights were secured by other persons in England, and in France they were forfeited bj' an informality; so that, by ' these means, and from expensive lawsuits, he gathered little from ten years of toil and priva- tion s.ave the honors awarded to his skill and perseverance in giving to the world such a staple as vulcanized india-nibber. He died in New York, July 1, 18G0. See Rubber. GOODY TWO-SHOES. A familiar nursery tale published by Newbery in 1765 and ascribed to Oliver Goldsmith. It derives its name from the joyful exclamation of its half-shod little heroine, when she conies into possession of a pair of shoes. GOOGE, Babnabe (1540-94). An English poet. He was born in 1540. at Alvinghani in Lincolnshire, studied at Cambridge and at Ox- ford; traveled on the Continent, and on his re- turn became one of the gentlemen pensioners in the Court of Queen Elizabeth. He died in 1594. He wrote translations, eclogues, epitaphs, and sonnets. Consult: "Eglogs, Epytaphes, and Son- ettes," in Arber, Enf/lish Reprints (London, 1871); and The Pnp'ish Kingdome (1570), a verse translation from the Latin of Thomas Na- ogeorgus (i.e. Thomas Kirehmaver), edited by Hope (London, 1880). GOO'KIN, Daniel (c.1012-87). A New Eng- land soldier and historian, born in Kent. England. Gookin came with his father to Virginia in 1621, but, sympathizing rather with the Puritan than with tlie Cavalier, he moved, in 1644. to Cam- bridge, Jlass., where he was soon made captain of militia, and elected to the House of Deputies, of which he became Speaker in 1651. In 1052 he was elected magistrate, and in 1656 appointed superintendent of all Indians under civil author- ity. He held this office till death, in spite of un- popularity, occasioned by the protection he gave to his wards during and after King Philip's War. He was associated with Eliot in mission work among the Indians. He visited England in 1656 and again in 1657, efficientlj' protecting on his return in 1660 the fugitive regicides Goffe and Whalley. In 1674 he wrote Historical Collec- tions of the Indians of Massachusetts (published by the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1792), and later a never-published and now lost History of A'eiu England. In 1677 he finished An, Histori- cal Account of the Doings and Sufferings of the Christian. Indians of New England, which was sent to England, and thei-e lost for over a cen- tury and a half, when it was found and printed in 1836 by the American Antiquarian Society. In I6S1 Gookin was made major-general of the colony, and was an active asserter of popular rights in the agitation which preceded the with- drawal of the Colonial Charter (1686). This re- stored his popularity, but when he died in Cam- bridge, Mass., JMarch 10, 1687, he was so poor that his friend Eliot solicited ten pounds from Robert Boyle for his widow. He was a man of fine character, and an historian of balanced judgment and dignified though not easy style. The prospectus of his History of Xew England is so thorough that its loss is felt by students to be a real misfortune. GOOLE. A market-town and river-port in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, 22 miles south-southeast of York, on the right bank of the Ouse at its junction with the Don (Map: Eng- land, F 3). The town is well built and possesses fine modern public buildings. Water and gas are supplied by private companies. It has iron- foundries, ship and boat building establi-shments, and extensive manufactories of woolen and cot- ton goods, ropes, sails, alum, sugar, and agricul- tural implements. It has a commodious harbor, docks, quays, and warehouses, and imports raw wool, linen yarn, timber, logwood, indigo, oil, wines, farm produce, and groceries. Its chief ex- ports are coal, woolen and linen goods, and ma- chinery. The annual value of its imports and exports during five years ending in 1900 ex- ceeded £12,000,000 (.$60,000,000). An average of 2500 vessels enter and clear a gross tonnage of 1,500.000 annually. Its rise from an obscure hamlet dates from its establishment as a bonded port in 1829. Population, in 1891, 15,400; in 1901, 10,600. GOORKHAS, goorTvos. See Gurkhas. GOOROO, goC'roo. See GuRU. GOOSANDER. See Merganser. GOOSE (AS. gos, Icel. gas, OHG. gans, Ger. Gans; connected with Lat. anser, Gk. xv'S cft«n, Olr. gcis, Lith. roHsis, Skt. hamsa, goose, also ultimately with OHG. ganazzo, AS. ganot, Eng. gannet, and AS. gandra, Eng. gander). A web- footed bird of the subfamily Anscrinse. of the family Anatida?, order Anseres (q.v. ). The geese are closely allied to the swans on the one hand, and to the ducks on the other. They differ from the swans in having the lores feathered, and from the ducks in having the tarsi reticulate and the sexes alike in color. The geese form a fairly well defined group of about forty species found in all parts of the world. They are mostly larger than ducks and have longer necks. They are more terrestrial and many times are to be seen feed- ing on land herbage. They walk better than ducks, the legs not being quite so far back. Most of them are good eating, but there are a few which are animal feeders, whose flesh is rank. Like the swans, they resent intrusion by hissing