Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/570

* HAMPTON. (vol. iv., p. 49), he "was another of that small class of oflicers who, after serving with credit in the War for Indepundonce, fought with dis- credit in the War of IS 12." Xol only did he show no ability during the disastrous campaign in which he took part as major-general in Wil- kinson's army, but he helped to render abortive the projected invasion of Canada in 1813 by the enmity which he displayed toward his superior. The next year he resigned his commission, and returned to South Carolina, where he became one of the wealthiest planters in the State. He was twice elected to Congress, once in 1794 and again in 1802. HAMPTON, Wade (181S-1902). An Ameri- can soldier and politician, the third of that name, born at Columbia, S. C. the son of one of the wealthiest planters in the South. He studied law at the University of South Carolina, but in- stead of practicing gave all his time to the man- agement of his extensive estates. Although a Democrat in politics, he belonged to the Union rather than the States Rights wing of the party, a fact which shut him out from political prefer- ment in a State where radicalism was so rife as it was in South Carolina. With the secession of his State from the Union, however, he entered enthusiastically into the movement for the estab- lishment of the Confederacy, and early raised and equipped from his private means the command which, under the name of 'Hampton's Legion,' did good service for the Confederate cause throughout the war. At the head of these troops Hampton participated in the first battle of Bull Run and in the Peninsular campaign, was wounded at Fair Oaks, and soon afterwards was commissioned brigadier-genei'al of cavalry. He took part in Lee's northward advance in 1863, was thrice wounded at Gettysburg, and was promoted major- general on August 3d following. He was engaged in opposing the advance of Sheridan in the Shen- andoah Valley in 1864, where he showed such high qualities as a cavalry commander that he was in August of that year commissioned lieutenant-gen- eral and placed in command of all Lee's cavalry. Later he commanded the cavalry in .Johnston's army, which opposed Sherman's advance from Savannah in 1865. After the war he entered enthusiastically into the work of building up the South and reconciling its citizens to the outcome of the struggle. In 1876 he was nominated by the Democrats for Governor, and after successfully contesting the election with his Republican oppo- nent, Daniel H. Chamberlain, he served until 1878. when he was elected to the United States Senate. There he served by reelection until 1891, when his opposition to the Populistic tendencies of the Tillman Democracy in his native State led to his retirement. From 1893 to 1897 he was United States Commissioner of Railroads, to which office he was appointed by President Cleve- land. HAMPTON COURT. An English royal palace, situated amid extensive pleasure grounds, on the north bank of the Thames, one mile from the village of Hampton and about 15 miles west- southwest of London. It dates from 1515, when it was built for Cardinal Wnlsey. who presented it to Henry VIII. The palace is built of red brick with stone facings, and consists of three quadrangles, with some smaller courts. The great eastern ami southern fronts were Inult frnn UG HAMPTON NORMAL INSTITUTE. designs by Sir Christopher Wren, for William III. In the palace Edward VI. was born. Queen Jane Seymour died, and Charles I. was impris- oned. It was tlic occasional residence of Crom- well, and was a favorite periodical residence of the sovereigns until the reign of George II. It contains one thousand rooms, eight hundred of which in suites are now occupied by needy per- sons of rank in favor with the King. There is a famous picture gallery, with a valuable col- lection of old masters. The gardens cover 44 acres of land : one of the most notable features is the labyrinthine maze. The palace and grounds are opened daily to the public, free of charge, and constitute a popular holiday resort of the Londoners. Consult Law, Bainpton Courl in Tudor. Sluart. Orange, and Guelph Times (3 vols., London, 1885-91"). HAMPTON COURT CONFERENCE. A conference at Hampton Court, shortly after the accession of James I. to the throne of England, for the discussion of religious differences. The King presided, and was supported by Arch- bishop Whitgift, with eight bishops, seven deans, and two other clergymen. The Puritan party, whose demands were under consideration, were represented by four eminent clergymen of mod- erate views. These demands had been presented to the King in the previous year in what is known as the Millenary Petition, because it was intended to be signed by one thousand Puritan clergj'men, though in fact it seems not to have been done, about seven hundred and fifty clergy- men having probably signified their adherence by letter. It disclaimed schism, and, unlike former demands of the Puritan party, carefully refrained from attacking episcopacy, restricting its prayers to a purification of the ritual and the encouragement of preaching as an essential part of the service, together with greater lati- tude of belief for those clergymen who objected to subscribing to the whole of -the Prayer-Book : and, lastly, to the reform of a few enumerated abuses, principally in matters of discipline. There were three sessions of the Conference — on January 14th. 16th. and 18th. The petitioners were admitted to the second, in which .Tames preserved an appearance of impartiality until the unfortunate use of the word "presbyter' threw him into a passion, and he left the room with the declaration: "I shall make them con- form themselves, or I will harry them out of the land, or else do worse." On the third day the King's decision, save for a few points entirely adverse to the petitioners, was announced in in- decorously harsh language. This marks the begin- ning of the close connection between the bishops and the House of Stuart, and the alienation of the Puritan party. The Millenary Petition is printed in Prothero, Statutes and Constitutional Documents. 1559- lf!25. p. 413 (Oxford. 1894), together with a few documents bearing upon the Conference. The Petition and .James's proclamation for the use of the Prayer-Book are also to be found in Gee and Hardv. Documents lUiistratiie of Eng- lish Church History (J^ondon, 1896). See also Gardiner. History of England. 1R0^-.'i2 (T^ondon and Xew York. 1SS3-S4)! i. 146. HAMPTON NORMAL AND AGRICUL- TURAL INSTITUTE. An institution for the education of negroes and Indians, situated on