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* HAMILTON. 504 HAMILTON. nadian Indian Slavery in the Eighteenth Cen- tury. HAMILTON, JIouNT. See Lick Observa- tory. HAMILTON, Patkick (c.1504-28). A pre- cursor (if the Scottish Reformation. He was born jirobably in the year 1504. either at Stane- liouse or Kincavel. He was educated at the Uni- versity of Paris, where lie took liis degree of A.M. in 1520, after which he probably proceeded to LoTivain and Basel. In 1523 he was back in Scotland, and was admitted to Saint Andrews University. While abroad he had formed new tastes and interests, but for some time his opin- ions attracted no attention. Ciradually, liowever, his convictions matured. From agreeing with Krasmus lie came to agree with Luther, and about 152G lie appears to have announced his new views in such a manner as to draw the notice of Arch- bishop Beaton. Early in 1527 Beaton made 'inquisition' into the grounds of the rumor against him, and Hamilton fled to Wittenberg, where he became familiar with Luther and Jle- lanchthon. and then passed on to Marburg, where the university was just opened. After six months he returned to his native country, in the autumn of 1527. He repaired to the family mansion at Kincavel. and there, in the neighborhood of Lin- lithgow, preached openly. In some way he was induced to go to Saint Andrews in January, 1528, and took up his abode in a hiijging provided for him by the Archbishop. A conference was held, in which his opponents showed a conciliatory spirit, and even to some extent expressed con- currence in liis views. He was allowed to depart in peace, ai d for some time to promulgate his sentiments in the city and University of Saint Andrews. After a month or so he was summoned to answer before Beaton to a charge of heresy. He was condemned for divers heresies and 'de- testable opinions,' deprived of all dignities and benefices in the Church, and delivered over to the secular power to be punished. The sentence was carried out without delay. On the very same day on the morning of which he was tried (February 29, 1528), Hamilton was consigned to the stake in the front of the gate of Saint Salvador's College. His only publication is known as Patrick's Places, and is an evangelical trea- tise, written in Latin ; it was translated by Frith (London, 1807). For his life, consult Lorimer (London, 1857). HAMILTON, PonERT (1743-1829). A Scot- tish writer on finance, born in Edinburgh, edu- cated at the University of Edinburgh. He entered a banking house, but at the age of twenty-six left mercantile pursuits, and became successively rector of Perth Academy, professor of natural philosophy in Aberdeen University (1779). and professor of mathematics (1817). In 1777 he wrote an Introduction to llrrchiindise : in 1790, three essays on Peace and War; in 1822, Manage- ment of the Poor, a work displaying enlightened views on economics. His most important work is the Essay on the National Deht. which appeared in 1813. A posthumous volume published in 1830, The Progress of l<ociety, is also of great ability, treating of economical principles by trac- ing their natural origin and position in the de- velopment nf social life. HAMILTON. ScnrTMR (1822-1903). An American soldier, a grandson of Alexander Ham- ilton. He was born in New York, graduated at West Point in 1841, .served with great gallantry in the Mexican War, and was brevelted first lieutenant in 1840 and captain in 1847. From the latter year until 1854 he was aide-de-camp to Gen. Winfield Scott. He then resigned from the army, but upon the outbreak of the Civil War volunteered as a private in the Seventh Hegiment, New York National Cuard. He was rapidly promoted, becoming a brigadier-general of volunteers in 18U1, and a niajor-geueral of volunteers in 1862. He was actively engaged in the operations against New Madrid. JIo.. and Island No. 10, in the Mississippi River, and in the campaigns in Tennessee and Jlississippi. Sickness compelled him to resign in 1863. He was liydrographic engineer in the Department of Docks, New York City, in 1871-73, and super- intendent of yards in 1873-75, and subsequently, owing to ill health, lived in retirement. He wrote A History of Our National Flag (1852). HAMILTON, Thomas ( 1789-1842). An Eng- lish ])rose writer, of Scottish descent, born in (Jlasgow. He was educated at Glasgow Universi- ty, and became the friend of Wordsworth and Scott. His novel Cyril Thornton (18271 was popular in its day, while in Men and Manners in America (1833) he showed himself a kindly critic, shrewd and humorous. HAMILTON, Walter (1844-99). An Eng- lish writer, born in London, and educated at the Collfege de Dieppe. He was a fellow of the Royal Historical Societj', vice-president of the Societe Francaise des Colleetionneurs d'E.x Li- bris, and vice-president of the Ex Libris vSociety. His published works include: .4 Memoir of Oeorr/e Cruikshnnk (1878): The Origin of the Ofjice of Poet Laureate (1879) ; The Poet Lau- reates of England (1879); The .Esthetic Move- ment in England (1882) ; Pai-odies of the Works of English and Amcriedn Authors. Collected and Annotated (5 vols., 1884-88) ; French Book Plates for Ex Lihris Collectors (1892); Dated Book Plates (2 parts, 1894-95). HAMILTON, William (1704-54). A Scot- tish poet, born at Bangour, Linlithgowshire. Be- tween 1724 and 1727 he contributed lyrics to Allan Ramsay's Tea Table .Miscellany. In 1745 he joined the cause of Prince Charles, and cele- brated the battle of Prestonpans in an ode begin- ning, "As over Gladsmuir's blood-stained field. After the disaster of Culloden he lurked for several months in the Highlands, and at length escaped to France: but the influence of his friends at home procured him permission to return to Scotland. Broken in health, he went back to France, where he died. Though Hamilton wrote much graceful verse, his fame rests upon what Wordsworth called 'the exquisite ballad.' The Braes of Yairow." HAMILTON, Sir William (1730-1803). (irandson of William Douglas, third Duke of Hamilton, born in Scotland. In 1764 he was appointed English Envoy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Court of Naples. During liis residence there he devoted much time to a study of Vesuvius and other volcanoes, and em- bodied his results in Campi Phlegra'i (2 vols, and suppl.. Naples, 1776-79). and shorter papers. He was also an enthusiastic collector, particu- larly of ancient vases, which he seems to Iiave been one of the first Englishmen to appreciate