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* HAMILTON. 502 HAMILTON. deposed him because of his Scottish birth, in accordance with an act of Parliament passed shortly after Sir George Barclay's attempt to assassinate King William; but in 1699 he was reappointed. In 1701 William Penn appointed him Deputy Governor of Pennsylvania. He was for some time Postmaster-General in America, and either he or his son, Col. John Hamilton, established the first colonial postal service under a patent dated 1694. HAMILTON, Andhew (0.167G-1741). An American lawyer, burn in Scotland. Of his early history nothing is known, nor is it certain that Hamilton was his real name, as he was for some time called Trent. About 1097 he came to Vir- ginia, and afterwards removed to Philadelphia, where he was made Attorney-General (1717) and a member of the Provincial Council (1721), He was prothonotary of the Supreme Court and recorder of Philadelphia, a member of Assembly (1727) and its Speaker in 1729. He and his son- in-law built as a private property the State House, which later became Independence Hall. Hanulton is best known for his defense (1735) of .John Peter Zenger (q.v. ) on the charge of libel. He advanced as defense the truth of the publi- cati.nn, and gained a verdict of 'not guilty,' which did much for the freedom of political discussion, so that Gouvemeur Morris styled him 'the dog- star of the American Revolution.' He was trustee of the General Loan Office and (1737) judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court of the Province of Pennsylvania. HAMILTON, Anthony (1646-1720). An English courtier and French author of fables and of the scandalous Memoires clu Chevalier de (Iramont, othervise known as the Histoire anwnreuse de la coiir d'AiifilcteiTe (1713). He was born at Roscrea, Ireland, the third son of Sir George Hamilton, a son of the first Earl of Ahercora, and was brouglit up in France and as a Roman Catholic. This prevented his pro- motion by Charles II., at whose Court he was very popular, but furthered it under James II., who made him colonel of an Irish regiment and Governor of Limerick. After the fall of James he went back to France, where he found a patron- ess in the Duchess Ludovise of Maine. At her country-seat at Sceaux he wrote the famous Memoires. His last public enterprise was a share in the fiasco of the Old Pretender in 170S. Ham- ilton's Conies de feerie aimed at once to rival and to ridicule the Arnhian yifilits of Galland (q.v.). They err through artificiality, and the intrusion of personal and local allusions. The Mf moires de Griimont. on the other hand, will always remain one of the most remarkable pictures that we possess of the noble yomiger son. the cadet of the grand Steele — light yet hard-hearted, keenly wit- ty, profoundly skeptical, chivalrously brave when in view, capable of dastardly meanness behind the scenes. The Memoires were printed in Eng- lish in 1714. There is an illustrated translation with notes by Walter Scott (1811), and many editions in both languages. The Fables were first printed in 1730, and Hamilton's Works in six volumes in 1749. Editions after 1812 are more complete. Consult : Sainte-Beuve, Cause- ries du Lundi. vol. i. (Paris, 18.57-62). HAMILTON. Et.iz.^bettt (H.'iR-lSlfil . An author, of Scotch parentage, born in Belfast. She ■was educated by relatives in Stirlingshire, and began to write at an early age. Hindoo Rajah (1796), containing Eastern impressions of Eng- land; Memoirs of Modern Philosophers (1800); Letters on Education (1801-02); Memoirs of Agrippina, the Wife of (Jermanicus (3 vols., 1804) ; Letters on the Formation of the Religious and the Moral Principle to the Daughter of a 'Nobleman (1800), are her more serious works; but she is best known by her Scottish tale, The Cottagers of Glenburnie (1808), and the ballad "My ain Fireside." She was unmarried, but called herself Mrs. Hamiltcm, and was personally revered as a philanthropist. HAMILTON, Emma, Lady (1761 ?-lS15). Mistress of Horatio Nelson, the famous English admiral. She ^^•as a daughter of Henry Lyon, a man in very humble circumstances. Her career was for a long time an obscure one, and she gave birth to several illegitimate children. In 1784 she tell in with Sir William Hamilton, Ambas- sador at Naples, and he was captivated by her great beauty. She iiecame his mistress, but he married her in May, 1791. At Naples she played a great social and political rcjle, being an inti- mate of Queen Maria Carolina, Nelson first met Lady Hamilton at Naples in 1793, again in 1798, and from 1800 onward they lived to- gether. In 1801 Lady Hamilton gave birth to a child, Horatia, by Nelson. After Nelson's death Lady Hamilton's affairs became involved, and in 1813 she was even arrested for debt. She died at Calais, on .Tanuary 15, 1815. Her child bv Nelson lived with the hitter's sisters. She died March 6, 1881. Another child by Nelson died in infancy. See Nelson, Hohatio. HAMILTON, Frank Hastings (1813-86). An American surgeon, educated at LTnion Col- lege and in the medical department of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, In 1861 he became professor in the Bellevue Hospital Medical Col- lege, He was a military surgeon for two years in the Civil War, and was appointed medical in- spector with the rank of lieutenant-colonel in 1803. Among the many positions of honor and trust which he held was the presidency of the New York Society of Medical .Jurisprudence. His services as consulting surgeon to various hos- pitals and asylums were highly prized, and he Ijccame widely known as an authority on surgery, his three large works having a recognized place in the literature of medical science. They are: Treatise on Fractures and Dislocations (1860); Practical Treatise on Military Surgery (1861); and The Principles and Practice of Surgery (1872). HAMILTON, Gafl. The pseudonym of JIary Abigail Dodge (q.v.). HAMILTON, G.^^N (1730-97). A Scotch painter and antiquary. He was born at Lan- ark. At an early age he was sent to Rome, where he studied painting under Massuchi. His best pieces were designed from the Iliad, such as "Achilles Beside the Dead Body of Patroclus," "Andromache Bewailing the Death of Hector," and "Helen and Paris." Hamilton, however, ren- dered greater service to art by his discoveries of precious fragments of ancient monuments than by his direct contribiitions to it. The latter part of his life was devoted to excavations in various parts of the Roman States, but especiallv at Civita Vecehia. Velletri. Ostia. and above all at Hadrian's villa at Tivoli. The statues, busts.