Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/530

* HALL. 478 HALL. Church in Armagh, and in 1858 accepted a call to Saint Mary's Abbey, Dublin, where he remained for nine years, actively occupicil in Church work and in matters relating to popular educa- tion. In 18G7 he came to America as a delegate from the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, and shortly after his return was called to the pastorate of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York City, where he remained until his deatli. He was a member of the International .Sunday-School Committee from 1S7'2 to 189ti, served as a trustee of Princeton University and a director of the Union Theolog- ical Seminary; delivered many lectures at Yale on the Ljnnan Beecher foundation ; and from 1882 to 1891 was chancellor of the University of the Citj' of New Y'ork (now New Y'ork Univer- sity). Among his best-known writings are: Fam- ihi Prai/crs for Four Weeks (18GS) : Care Cast ■upon ihc Lord {18n9) ; Papers for Home Read- ing (1871); Questions of the Day (1873); Prcaehing: Manner and Matter (1874); God's Word Through Preaching (1875) ; You and Your Children. (1877) : Foundation Stones for Young Builders (1881); A Christian Home and How 1o Maintain It (1883): Ught unto My Path (189.5). Consult T. C. Hall, John Hall, Pastor and Preacher (New Y'ork, 1902). HALL, John Vine (1774-18G0). An English religious writer and advocate of total abstinence. He was born at Diss, Norfolk. When a young man he fell into drunken habits, but after a hard struggle reformed, and became a teetotaler. From 1814 to 1850 he was a bookseller at Maidstone. From 18.54 till his death (1800) he devoted him- self to religious and temperance work. His Sin- ner's Friend (1821) is said to have been trans- lated into thirty languages and circulated in millions of copies. Consult his autobiography, Conflict and Victorji, edited by his son, the Rev. Newman Hall (London, 1874). HALL, .Joseph (1574-1656). An English bishop, remarkable for his learning, piety, and misfortunes. He was born July 1, 1574. at Ashby-de-la-Zouch. Leicestershire. He was edu- cated at Emanuel College. Cambridge, of which he became a fellow ( 1595). Entering the Church, he became, in 1C17, Dean of Woi'cester: was one of the English deputies to the Synod of Dort (1618-19) ; was consecrated Bishop of Exeter in 1627 ; and in 1641 was translated to Norwich. In the latter yeari? of his life he was accused of Puritanism, and incurred the displeasure of Arch- bishop Laud. In 1641, having joined the prel- ates who protested against the validity of all laws passed during their forced absence from Parliament, he was committed to the Tower and threatened with prosecution for high treason ; but was set at liberty .nt the end of seven months, on finding bail for £5000. On his return to Nor- wich he found his revenues sequestrated and his property pillaged. He rented a small farm at Higham, near Norwich, to which he retired (1647), and died Septenilier 8, 1656. His works, mostly of a controversial character, have been published, with autobiography, notes, etc.. by Pratt (London. 1808) : Peter Hall, a descendant of .Joseph (Oxford. 1837-39) ; and Philip Wynter (Oxford. 1863). Of his other works, the 'most rend now are his devotional treatises (Select Devotional Works, 1830). in seven parts, of which a number have been separately reprinted. His poetical Satires, written at college, were praised by Pope. For his life, consult John Jones (Lon- don, 1826). HALL, Ltman (1725-90). A signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was born in Connecticut, and remained there until his gradua- tion from Yale College in 1747, after which he removed to the parish of Saint John, in Georgia. This parish was largely peopled by New Eng- landers, and to them is chiefly due Georgia's final decision to throw in her lot with the other colonies. The people of this parish, disgusted with the indecision of their fellow colonists, en- deavored to ally themselves with the Committee of Correspondence in Charleston, S. C. and when this proved infeasible decided to refrain from trading with the other colonists of Georgia, and particularly with the people of Savannah. In 1775 they sent Hall as their delegate to" Congress, where he was allowed to debate, but being the only representative of Georgia, could not vote when the voting was done by whole colonies. Soon afterwards Georgia joined her sister colo- nies and elected five delegates to the Congress, among them Hall. He was reelected in 1776, and again in 1780. HALL, M.RSHALL (1790-1857). An eminent English physiologist and physician, born at Bas- ford, Notts. At the age of twenty (having been previously apprenticed to a chemist) he entered on the study of medicine at the Universitj' of Edinburgh, where, in 1812, he took his degree of M.D. After throe j-ears' subsequent attendance at the leading schools of medicine on the Conti- nent, he commenced practice in Nottingham in 1815, and rapidly obtained a high provincial reputation. In 1826 he removed to London, where his career as a physician was eminently success- ful. His name is well known in connection with the doctrine of the reflex fimction of the nervous system. He admitted that the phenomena of which he treated had been long known to physi- ologists; but he believed himself to have been the first to show their independence of sensation, to bring them together luuler one generalization, to establish with precision the laws of their pro- duction, to assign them their just rank in physi- ology, and to apply the doctrine to the elucida- tion of disease. His la.st bequest to the science of medicine and the cause of humanity was the description of a simple and easily applied method of restoring suspended respiration, which has been the means of saving many from untimely death, and is known as 'the Marshall Hall meth- od.' It is briefly as follows: The insensible per- son is laid on his back. His mouth is opened, and the tongue, grasped with a towel or hand- kerchief, is pulled forward. The lower part of the body is then elevated for a moment, to let water in the larynx and mouth run oiit by gravi- tation. The body is then laid on its back, with the left arm bent backward and upward, and placed under the head. The body is then gently rolled over on the face, the tongue being held forward, and then rolled back again. The object kept in view is to compress the thorax and empty the lungs by means of the weight of the body. The manoeuvre must be repeated once every four seconds, deliberately, and preferably by the watch ; for rescuers are apt to be too hasty and to perform the manipulation incompletely through nervousness. This method of resuscita.-