Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/528

* HAIiL. 476 HALL. The ship had drifted to the Greenland shore a little south of Smith Sound, wlienee, in the spring of 1873, the remainder of the party retreated south in boats, and were resuued at (Ja])e York on June 22d by a Seottish whaler. Though the expedition was unfortunate, its geographical re- sults were very important. Hall completed the e.xploration of Kennedy Channel, discovered Hall Basin and Robeson Channel, extended both Green- land and Grinnell Land northward nearly two degrees of latitude, and visited the unknown Polar Sea. He was not competent to take charge of scientific work, but he was a genuine Arctic pioneer, full of resources, and inidaunted by ob- .stacles, many of which he overcame by patient and untiring effort. The scientific results of the Polaris expedition were important, and were pub- lished by the Government in 1879. Consult also: Davis's Pol<iris North Pole Expedition (Wash- ington, 1876) : Tyson's Drift (New York, 1874) ; Bessel's Die am.erikanische Nordpola Expedition (Leipzig, 1879). HALL, Chester Moor (1703-71). An Eng- •lish scientist, inventor of the achromatic tele- scope. He was born at Leigh, in Essex ; was n student of the Inner Temple in 1724 and a bencher in 1763. He lived at New Hall, Sutton, and was often called 'Moor of Moor Hall.' From study of the structure of the human eye he ar- rived at the conclusion that achromatic lenses were possible ; discovered two kinds of glass in 1729, of enough variation of dispersion ; and in 1733 had made several telescopes. But though there seems no doubt of the priority of his inven- tion, he took no pains to appear in the suit of Dollond vs. Champness (1706). See Achro- matism. HALL, Christopher Newman (1816-1902). An English Congregational minister. Ijorn at Maidstone, Kent, and educated at Totteridge. at Highbury College, and at the University of Lon- don. For twelve years he was pastor of the Albion Congregational Church at Hull. In 1854 he succeeded Rowland Hill and .Tames Sherman at Surrey Chapel, .ind in 1876 he went to Christ Church, L.ambeth, a charge which he resigned in 1892. He became widely known in England as a total-abstinence agitator and as an evangelist. He was a friend of the North during the Civil War, and in 1867 toured America with the inten- tion of quieting differences between Great Britain and the ITnited States. Dr. Hall's tracts were his best-known works, especiallv; Come to Jesus (1846) ; It is I (1848) ; Folloiv Jesus : and many others, of which hundreds of thousands have been distributed. He wrote besides: Tlie Land of the Forum and the Vatican (2d ed. 1859) ; a biography of his father, under the title Con- flict and Victory (2d cd. 1874) ; Li/rics of a Long Life: and an Antohiographi/ (1865). HALL, Edward (c.1499-I547). An English historian, son of John and Catharine Hall, who seem to have been prominent in the Reformation, and may have been the "John Hall and his wife." prisoners in Newgate, "for the testimony of the Gospel" (1555). mentioned by John Fox. Ed- ward Hall was educated at Eton and at King's College. Cambridge, and studied law. He was a strong defender of the Tudors. and carried his ideas of reform no further than the King, but supported the royal supremacy in Parliament, spoke in behalf of the Bill of Six Articles ( 1539) , and was appointed (1541) a member of the com- mission to deal with all transgressors of that law. His Union of the Nohle and llluslrc Fame- lies of Luncustre and Yorlc (1542; and, the most complete edition, from the press of Richard Graf- ton, and with a preface by him, 1550) is espe- cially valu.able for the reign of Henry VII. and the eiu'ly years of Henry VIII. It was largely used by Shakespeare in his historical plays, and was borrowed from by Grafton, Holinshed, and Stow. HALL, FiTZEDWABD (18251901). An Ameri- can philologist, who was born at Troy, N. Y.. but spent his mature years in England. He was edu- cated at Walpole, N. H., Poughkeepsie, the Rens- selaer Polytechnic Institute, and at Harvard, where he did not finish his course, as he was sent to India to look for a runaway brother. At Benares, in 1850, he was appointed to a po.st in the Government College, which became in 1853 an Anglo-Sanskrit professorship. In 1855 he was appointed inspector of public instruction for Ajniere and JIairwara, and a year later for the Central Provinces. In 1860 he i-eceived the de- gree of D.C.L. at Oxford, and two years later left [ndiii for London, where he became professor of Sanskrit, Hindustani, and Indian jurisprudence at King's College, received the post of librarian at the India Otfice, and in 1864 was made ex- aminer in Hindustani and Hindi on the Civil- Service Commission. In 1880 he succeeded Max Miiller as examiner in Sanskrit, and from 1887 to his death w.as examiner in English also. His edition of the ishmipuruna is marked by wide reading and liy many quotations from unpub- lished manuscripts in his own possession. About 1870 he turned his attention to English philology, and published: Recent Exemplifications of False Philology, an attack on Richard Grant White (1872); Modern English (1873); On English Adjectives in -able, icitU Special Reference to 'Reliable' (1877): Doctor Indoetus (1880); and other volumes. The most lasting monument to his activity in English philology is liis work on the Oxford Dictionary, and on Wright's English Dialect Dictionary. A valu.able library of a thousand Oriental manuscripts and many books he gave to Harvard University. From 180 until his death he lived at Marlesford, in Suffolk. His principal works in Sanskrit arc: Atmabodlta (1852); Sunkhyaprdvachana (1856); Saryasid- dhdnta (1859); Vasavad^iltil (1859); Sihilchya- sdra (1862) ; and Dasarfipa (1805) : and in Hin- di, a Reader (1870), and Ballantyne's Hindi Grammar ( 1808). HALL, George Henry ( 1825— ). An Ameri- can painter, born in Boston. He studied at Diisseldorf and in Paris, and traveled in Spain, Italy, and Egypt. In 1868 he was elected an Academician. His works include: "Group of Spanish Children;" "Y'oung Lady of Seville;" "The Seasons;" "Studies of Grapes;" "Bric-a- Brae of Damascus;" "April Showers;" and some portraits. HALL, Gertrude (1803—). An Ameiican author, born in Boston. She was educated in Florence, and published several volumes of verse, beginning with Verses in 1890, and including Allegretto (1894), The Age of Fairy Gold (1899), April's 8oa>ing (1900), and a translation into English of Rostand's Cyrano de Bcrgerac.