Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/512

* HAJJ. 460 HAKE. the various classes of the present po|iulation, and the arrangements made for receiving and taking care of the pilgrims, based upon a residence in Mecca of more than six months — a longer time than any other Eurojiean has ever spent there. His illustrations are from photographs. Consult, besides the work already mentione<l: Salih Sou- bhi, Pelcrinagc a hi Mccqiie ct a Mcdinc (Cairo, 1S94) ; August iliiller, Dcr Islnin iin Morycn- uiul AhctHiUind (Berlin. 188.5-S7); Snouck-Hurgronje, Het Mckkaansche' Feest (Lejden, 1880). See Mecca. HAJJI, hfij'i, Ar. pron. hii'je (At. liajji, pil- grim, from licijja, to make a ])ilgrimage) . An Arabic word, signifying one who has performed the Ilajj (q.v.) or pilgrimage to Mecca. It is a title of honor added to a person's name* as an in- dication that this religious duty, obligatory upon every Jlohammedan. has been performed. HAJJI BABA OF ISPAHAN, h-i'je ba'ba tiv is'pa-hjin'. The Adventures of. A romance by J. J. Morier (1824). It is an Oriental Gil Bias, revealing a world of humoroiis insight into life in Persia. The Persian Minister to England is said to have remonstrated in behalf of his Government against its satire and plain speaking. HAJJI KHALFAH, hii'je kiil'fa. MrsT.F. IBN Abdallaii Katie Tchelebi (c.1G00 5S). A celebrated Turkish historian and bibliographer, lie was born at Constantinojile about the end of the sixteenth century, and died there in Septem- ber, 1G58. From 1022 till 1033 he was employed in the Turkish army, and had an excellent oppor- tiniity of acquiring information regarding mat- ters of history, geography, etc. He made the pil- grimage to Mecca, whence his name Hajji (q.v.). In 1635 he was at Constantinople studying and collecting material for his encyclopsedia. In 1648 he was appointed second assessor in the army bureau of provisions. From this position he got his second name, Khalfah (assessor). His works are written in Turkish and Arabic. They include, besides smaller works: (1) th.^ celebrated Asami alkulfib iro-al-funun (Names of Books and Sciences), written in Arabic, and of which Flilgel has given a Latin translation with the text, under the title Lexicon Biblio- graphicnm et E)ic;)clopa'<Ucitm a Miistnpha-ieii- Abdallah (Leipzig, 1835-.58). In this work is given a definition of each science; the titles, con- tents, language, dates of composition, and trans- lation of more than 2.5.000 works are specified ; also the names of the authors and dates of their death. It is the most complete catalogie in ex- istence of works written in Arabic. Persian, and Turkish; (2) Ta'rikh kehir (Great History), a history of the world from the creation of Adam to lfi.'5.5, containing notices of 150 dynasties, prin- cipally -Asiatic; (3) a history of the Ottoman Empire from 1595 to 1655: (4) a history of the maritime wars of the Turks, which has been translated into English (London, 1831). HAJJUG. See Haytu.t. HAKATA, ha'ka-ta. Formerly a separate city of .Tapan, now forming a part of Fukuoka (q.v.). HAKE (abbreviation of provincial Eng. haked, from AS. hacod, OS. haciid, OHG. hahhif, Ger. Uecht, pipe, from AS. hnrii, bar, Norweg. liakc, hook; connected also with AS. hoc. Eng. hook. so called from the hooked shape of the lower jaw). A fish of the family Merluccidfe, closely allied to the cods. Several species arc known, all large voracious marine fishes, inhabiting moderate depths, and of little value. The Euro- pean hake lMerlu<;cius merluccius) is common on all the coasts of Europe, and though its flesh is coarse and flaky, is extensively utilized by salting and drying, in which condition it is known as 'stockfish.' It reaches a length of three or four feet. The American 'silver hake' [Mcflnccius bilincuris}, of the Xew England coast, and the Pacific hake {Merluccius prodiic- tvs) are also eaten, but are not well liked. The habits of hake are like tho.se of the cod, and they are abundant on the 'banks' olT the northern shores of the United States, where they are eavight in the same way and at the same time as the connnon cot!. The average weight is about 5 pounds ; the maximum weight falls under 20 pounds. This fish is generally eaten in the fresh condition, and does not 'take salt" as well as the coHunon cod, but is smoked and dried scmetimes. The annual yield in the United States is about 50,000,000 pounds, valued at $1,115,000. The spawning season lasts from .January to June. See FisnEHiE.s; and Plate of Codfish and Allies. The name is also given in New England to various codlings of the genus Urophycis, as the squirrel-hakes (Urophi/cis chuffs and tenuia), but they are not of much value except for their sound-i. or air-bladders. HAKE, Edward (?-lo79). An English satir- ist. He held a number of political offices in New Windsor, and from October 10. 1588, till March 29, 1589, represented that town in Parliament. He was a stanch Puritan, and most of his works are satires directed against the abuses of the day. The best known is eires Out of Pai-les Chiircheiiard, A Trappe for Syr Moni/c, which appeared in 1567. Probably no copy of this edition is now in existence, but a reprint was issued in 1579 tmder the title Xeires Out of Powles Chiii-chyarde. etc., and this has been re- produced among the "Isham Reprints" (1872). Many of Hake's other works either have been lost or are very rare. HAKE, hii'ke, Karl von (1768-1S35). A German soldier, born at Flatow in Brandenburg. He began his military career as an ensign in the guards, took psrt in the battles connected with the French Revolution, in 1809 was appointed to a post in the War ^linistry, and in 1810 became chief of the War Department. In 1813 he attract- ed much attention by his efficient preparations for war. subsequently commanded a brigade in Billow's corps with rank of major-general, and took a distinguished part in the battle of Water- loo. From 1819 to 1833 he was Minister of War, in which capacity he carried out important schemes of reorganization. HAKE, Thomas Gordon (1809-95). An Eng- lish poet, called 'the parable poet.' He was born at Leeds, was educated at Christ's Hospital, and traveled on the Continent. He studied medi- cine, and settled as practitioner in East Anglia, where he formed a friendship with George Bor- row. Afterwards he visited Canada and the United States, and finally settled in London, where he became the physician and lifelong friend of Rossetti. His poems display marked origi- nality and talent, but are frequently obscure,