Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/493

* HAGENBACH. 441 HAGFISH. hack (Basel, 1874) ; and the fuller sketch by Eppler (Gutersloh, 1875). HAGENBACH, Peter von (?-1474). Grand Uailly of Alsace. He was a soldier under Charles the Bold of Burgundy, who appointed liim Grand Bailly of Alsace, wlicre his cruel- ties caused general protest from the neighbor- ing Swabian and Swiss communities, and may be said to have led to the war between Switzer- land and Burgundy, which resulted in the com- plete ruin of Charles. Consult: Kirk, Uixlory of CUiirlcs the Bold (London, 18(i3-G8), and Barante, llistoin' dcs dues de Dourgotjne (Paris, 1824-2G). HAGENBECK, hii'gfn-bt'k, Karl (1844—). A Cierman trainer of animals and circus mana- ger. He was born at Hamburg, where his father in 1852 established a considerable trade in ani- mals. The business, which subsequently passed into the hands of the son, was greatly enlarged by liim. In order to obtain animals from Africa and other countries, several transports were an- nually sent out from Hamburg. He later trav- eled through Europe, giving ethnological exhi- bitions representing the life of the various races of Africa, Oceanica. and of the far North. In 1886 he visited the United States, where he con- ceived the idea of organizing a circus. During the Chicago Exposition (1893) he revisited America, bringing with him about 1000 animals, including lions, tigers, bears, leopards, and wild boars. Hagenlieck has been styled 'tlie Moltko of menagerie-owners.' HA'GER, Albert David (1817-88). An American geologist, born in Chester, Vt. Having obtained a common-school education, he was appointed assistant naturalist of Vermont in 185(1. assistant State geologist under Edward Hitchcock from 1857 to 1861. State geologist from 1861 to 1870. and Vermont Commissioner to the Paris Exposition of 1867. From 1870 to 1877 he was State geologist of Jlissonri. and in the latter year was appointed librarian of the Chi- cago Historical Society. He published Gcolofiji of Vermont (2 vols., 1861. with Prof. Edward.Hitch- eock ) and other reports of surveys in his native State and in Missouri. HAGER, hii'ger, Haxs Hermann Julius (1816-97). A German writer on pharmacy, born at Berlin. Both as editor of the Pharmazeutische I'eiitralhalle at Berlin and as an author he did much to adaiice pharmaceutical science. His ex- position and published analyses of secret remedies are especially valuable. His more important pub- lications include: Handhiieli dcr pharmazenti- sehen Re~critiii:unst (5th ed. 1890): Mnnuale Pharmaceutic urn (vol. i., 6th ed. 1891; vol. ii., 3d ed. 1876) ; Dns Mikroskop und seine Atiive^i- diiiHi (7th ed. 1880). HA'GERSTOWN. A city and the county- seat of W'asiiington County. Md.. 87 miles west by north of Baltimore: on the Baltimore and Ohio, the Cumberland Valley, the Norfolk and Western, and the Western Maryland railroads (Map: Maryland. G 2). It is the seat of Kee Mar Col- lege for women, opened in 1852, and has the Washington County Free Library. Hagerstown is of considerable commercial importance owing to its facilities as a railroad centre. The indus- trial establishments include machine-shops, flour and knitting mills, pipe-organ, cigar, match, fur- niture, and fertilizer factories: and agricultural implement, bicycle, spoke, and bending works. The city is governed under a cliarter of 1885, re- vised in 1895, which provides for a mayor, elected every two years, and a unicameral council. The electric-light plant is owned and operated by the municipality. Hagerstown was settled about 1740, and during tlie Civil War figured promi- nently as a base of operations. Population, in 1890," 10.118; in 1900, 13,591. HA'GERSVILLE. A town and railway junc- tion in llaldiraand County, Ontario, Can., 25 miles southwest of Hamilton (Map: Ontario, C 4). Population, in 1891, 1001 ; in 1901, 1020. HAGEISH, or HAG ( ME. hayije, hcgt/c. from AS. Ueegtes, witch, MDutch hayhetisse, OHG. hagazussa, Ger. Hexe, hag, witch; apparently connected with provincial Eng. hag, AS. haga, Dutch haag, Ger. Hag, inclosure, coppice). Any of several species of roundmouths (see CycLCS- TOMI) that live parasitic upon fishes, and struc- turally are closely related to the lam])rey (q.v.). They are eel-shaped in form and individmils of the genus Bdellostoma may reach a length of HAGFI8H [Myxine glutiDosa). 1. Outline of the hag, showing: the two ventral openings (/i) by which the water escapes from the gills. '2. Anterior jiortion of the body laid open on the ventral side to show the branchial sacs. sp. gullet laid open, showing on each side the six apertures by which the w'ater is conducted to the corresponding branchial pouches {/^): d, one of the efferent ducts by which the water is conducted away from the branchial pouches: ct?, common efferent duct on the left side, opening on the ventral surface b.v a branchial pore (p.or b of Fig. 1) : gd, special canal developed on the left side only, and leading from the gullet into the com- mon branchial duct; n, unpaired nostril, with its "bar- bels ;" m, mouth. three feet. The common hag or 'slime-eel' (Myx- inc glutinosa) may grow to be eighteen inches long, and is found on both coasts of the North Atlantic south to Cape Cod. The mouth is formed by a mere membranous ring with a single tooth on its upper part, while the tongue is furnished with two rows of strong teeth, and also performs the office of a piston in the use of the mouth as a sucker. Around the mouth are eight tentacles. The skin is smooth and capable of secreting an enornunis amount of mucus. There is only a membranous caudal fin. The eyes are very rudimentary and sunk beneath the skin. The six gill-pouches empty separately internally into the phar™x. but externally by a single tube. There are no bones; the skeleton is membranous and cartilaginous. The eggs are large, are inclosed in a horny case, and bear hooked processes at each end for attachment to