Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/482

* HACO. 430 HADDOCK. HACO. See Haakon. HA'DAD. One of the chief deities of ancient Syria and Assyria. The name of this deity oc- curs in several comiJOiind names in the Bible, namely, Hadadiv.er (11. 8ani. viii. 3 et al.), Ben-Hadad (1. Kings xv. 18 et al.), and Hadad-Rinimon (Zech. xii. 11); and is men- tioned by Macrobius {Saturnalia, i. 23, 18). The god is identical with Adad, who appears among the great gods of Babylonia and Assyria. Through ciuieiform documents it is likewise clear that Hadad-Adad was a storm-god, who was also known by various epithets, such as Raniman (thunderer), Bir, and Dadda, though in Syria he is a solar deity. Hadad also appears in the Old Testament as the name of various kings or princes of Edom (Gen. xxxvi. 35; I. Chron. i. 50; I. Kings xi. 14) . HADADEZER, had'ad-f'zer. King of Zobah, an Aranucan Slate, in the eleventh century B.C. ( II. Sam. viii. 3 ) . Zobah is probably identical with the Assyrian Zvhiti, which seems to have been sit- uated north of the territory occupied by Maachah and Amnion in Hauran ( q.v. ), or immediately west of this district. Hadadezer is said to have been a son of Rehob. His name is apparently a Hebraized form of Hadadidri, 'Hadad is my help.' which occurs in an Assyrian inscription ol Shahnanezer II. (B.C. 860-825). According to II. Sam. viii. .■i-12, Hadadezer was defeated by David, although the Araniieans of Damase<is came to his assistance, and the gilded armor of his servants was carried to .lerusalem. Vessels of bronze were also captured in the cities of Tebah (or Betah) and Berotai, which belonged to Hadadezer. The location of these towns cannot be determined at present. After the battle, Tou (or Toi), King of Hamath (q.v.). sent his son Hadoram (or loram) to congratulate David, be- cause he had himself been at war with Hada- dezer. A later narrative, found in II. Sam. x. 15-10. gives an account of a second campaign by David ending with a defeat of Hadadezer at Helam (prolmbly Alima, east of the .Jordan). One of Hadadezer's servants named Rezon fled from his master, and became the founder of a new dynasty at Damascus (I. Kings xi. 23). Con- sult: Winckler, Geschichte Isfaels (Leipzig, 1895) ; and the commentaries on Samuel by Klos- temiann (Nordlingen, 1887). Henrv Preserved Smith (New York, 1809), Budde" (Tlibingen, 1902). and Xo'.vack ( Gdttingen, 1902). HA-CDANI, hii-dii'ne. A Jewish traveler of the ninth century. Sec liLDAD Ha-Dani. HAD'DAN, Arthur West (1816-73). An English ecclesiastical historian, born at Wood- ford, in Essex. He was educated at Brasenose, and Trinity College. Oxford, where he afterwards became a fellow. The High Church revival at Oxford, which occurred during his residence there, enlisted his warmest support, and in 1869 he published his Apostolic Succession in the Church of E)i(it(iiiil. which was reprinted in 1879 and in 1883, and remains the best work on the subject. Among his other publications are Coun- cils and Ecclesinsticnl Documents (1860-73). HAD'DINGTON. The capital of Hadding- tonshire. Scotland, on the banks of the Tyne. 16 miles east of Edinburgh (Map: Scotland. F 4). It is an important grain market, and possesses the second largest corn exchange in Scotland. Noteworthy buildings are the old Abbey Church, the Lucerna Laudoniai (Lamp of Lothian), the county buildings, town hall, and the Knox Me- morial Institute. Haddington i^ a very ancient royal burgh, its charter dating from the eleventh century. It owns its water-works. King Alexan- der 11. (born 1198), John Knox, .lohn Brown and his grandson Samuel, Samuel Smiles, and Mrs. .Jane Carlyle were natives of Haddington. Population, in isol, 3771; in 1901, 3902. HAD'DINGTONSHIEE, or East Lothian. A maritime county in the southeastern part of Scotland, bounded north and east by the Firth of Forth and the Xorth Sea, south and south- east by Berwickshire, and west by Midlothian (Map: Scotland, F 4). In the south of the country are the Lammermuir Hills, rising to the height of 1732 feet. The principal river is the Tyne. which flows northeast across the county into the sea at Tyningham. Haddingtonshire has enjoyed high agricultural fame since the seven- teenth century; coal is mined at various points. The principal towns are Haddington (the capi- tal), Dunbar, and North Berwick. Population, in 1891. 37.377; in 1901, 38.660. HAD'DO (American Indian). A local name on Puget Sound for the humpbacked salmon. HADDOCK. A fisli {Melanogrammiis cegle- finns) of the cud family. It resembles the com- mon cod very nuicli, but can readily be distin- guished by the black lateral line, that of the common cod being white. It has three dorsal and two anal fins, and a barbel at the symphysis of the lower .jaw. There is a black spot behind each of the pectorals, these spots sometimes ex- tending so as to meet on the back. A ridiculous legend ascribes these spots to the finger and thumb of Saint Peter, and says the haddock is the fish from the mouth of which he took the tribute money. This valuable fish is abundant on both coasts of the North Atlantic southward to France and North Carolina, but does not range so far north as the cod, though abundant about Iceland. They consort with the cod, but seem to be much more gregarious, and swim about in large schools. Some years they are far more rare at the fishing- grounds than in others. As they live very large- ly on mollusks, the}' are likely to be numerous on the clam-banks; and in their feeding and habits generally they closely resemble the cod, varying mainly in the practice of keeping close to the bottom. In Ajiril they approach the shore and spawn. They remain near the shore about six weeks and then return to deep water. An ordinary female will produce annually more than a million eggs, resembling those of the cod. and to be treated in the same way in fish culture. The haddock fishery (see Fisheries) is of great im- ,illy weighs about six pounds, is especially salable in the markets of Boston and Philadelphia, and is one of the easiest to transport in ice. Tbey are also smoked successfiilly. after the Scotch method, which produces 'finnan haddie' (Finland had- dock). See Plate of Codfish and Allies. HAD'DOCK, Sir Richard (1629-1715). An English admiral, son of William and grandson of Richard Haddock, both of whom were officers
 * )ortance on both coasts. This species, which usu