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* HAAR. 421 HAASE. versity of Utrecht. From this position he re- tired ni 1874. He wrote a number of theological articles, and Wic was JczKsf (1803), a volume directed against the teachings of Kenan, for wlioni, and for whose followers, he had a great dislike. His other prose works include: Oe Uistoriotiraphie der Kerkgeschieiienis (1870-73). The most remarkable of his poems are: Joliannia en Theagenes (1856): Hiiiberi en Klanrtjc (3d ed. 1858); and Dc Sankt Pauliis Wots (5th ed. 1S65) ; and those in the collections published in 1871. 1878, and 1870. HAARLEM, hiir'lem. The capital of the Dutch Province of North Holland, situated on the Spaarne, 11 miles west of Amsterdam (Map: Netherlands, C 2). It is an extremely clean and well-built city, situated amid very picturesque environs intersected by canals, and full of inter- esting Dutch hou.ses. The principal church is the Groote or Saint Bavo's Kerk, a fifteenth-century cruciform edifice, with a tower 260 feet high and an organ with 5000 pipes. 60 stops, and 3 key- boards — one of the largest instruments of its kind in the world. In front of the cliurch is a statue of Coster, the alleged inventor of printing. In the Groote Markt is the meat market, a brick and stone building dating from the beginning of the seventeenth century, and considered to be of great architectural merit. The town hall, a for- mer palace of the counts of Holland, remodeled in 1020, contains a small collection of paintings by Dutch artists, including eight large canvases by Frans Hals. In the same building are also the town library, and a collection of weapons, glasses, and instruments of torture associated with the early history of Haarlem. Among other interesting buildings may be mentioned the Pavilion, a chateau in Italian style, now the seat of the Society for the Promotion of Industry, and containing an industrial art and a colonial museum, the latter consisting of an extensive collection of the products of the Dutch colonies, notably those of the Dutch East Indies. The educational institutions of Haarlem include a g^'mnasiuni : a seminary for teachers; the Teyler JIuseum with its nimierous scientific collections and an extensive library; the episcopal museum ■with a collection of Dutch ecclesiastical antiqui- ties. There are also two theatres and the oldest printing hoise in Holland. The town contains numerous homes for the aged, known as ho:jc!<. Although of less industrial importance than in former times, Haarlem still has a nmnber of large industrial establishments, notably textile mills. One of the oldest and most extensive in- dustries is the cultivation of flowers, Haarlem exporting bulbs to many European countries. There are a horse-car line for local purposes and an electric railway for iuterurban traffic. Popu- lation, in 1809. 04,009. Haarlem grew up around a castle, and obtained municipal rights in 1245. It rapidly developed into an important city. In 1492 it was seized by the peasantry', and upon its being recovered by the Imperial Statholder, Duke Albert of Sax- ony, it was deprived of its privileges and bur- dened with hea'y taxes. In 1559 it became the seat of a bishop. Haarlem took a prominent part in the revolt of the Netherlands, and as a result was besieged in 1572 by an army of 30,000 men under Don Frederico, a son of the Dulce of Alva, and after an heroic resistance of seven months capitulated to the Spaniards, who, regard- less of their promise of mercy, avenged themselves on the city and its inhabitants in the most cruel way. In 1577 it w-as freed from the rule of Spain by the Prince of Orange, and became a part of the Netherlands. HAARLEM LAKE. A district in the Dutcii ])rovinces of North and Soutli Holland, formerly a lake. It lies between Haarlem, Amsterdam, and Leyden (Map: Netherlands, 2). It was formed from four small ponds by an inundation of the sea at the end of the sixteenth century. At one time its area was 00,000 acres. In con- sequence of the destructive overfiow of 1830, the Government decided to drain the lake. The work 'vas begun in 1840 and completed in 1853. The land reclaimed forms at present an island of 70 square miles, with a fertile soil and a population of about 16,000. HAAS, hiis. JoiiANXES Hubebtus Leon.^rdus DE ( 1832 — ) . A Dutch painter, born at Hedel. North Brabant. He studied under Van Os, in Haarlem, and afterwards lived in Brussels. His works con- sist of characteristic Dutch landscapes with animals, or of studies of animals alone, and are of a hign order. They include "After the Flood" (gold medal, Utrecht, 1861); "A Trio of Donkevs" (gold medal. Munich, 1869) ; "Cows at Pasture" (National Gallery, Berlin) ; "Pasture on the Banks of the Ysscl";" "Noonday Rest on the North Sea;" "Three Comrades;" and "Castle on the Rhine." He also engraved several of his own pictures. HAASE, ha'ze, Friedrich (1826—). A dis- ting-uished German actor. He was born in Berlin, the son of the first valet dc chambre of Frederick William IV., under whose patronage he received a thorough education and was prepared for the stage bv Ludwig Tieck. In 1846 he made his debut at Weimar, acted there until 1848, then in Potsdam and Berlin, and rose to prominence during his connection with the theatre in Prague in 1849-51. His subsequent performances at Karlsruhe, :Munich. and in 1855-58 at Frankfort, steadily increased his reputation, while starring tours made his name familiar in various countries of Europe, and an engagement at Saint Peters- burg during the six winters from 1800 to 1866 firmly established his position in the front rank of German actors. In 1869 he visited America; then was for one yeaR a member of the Court Theatre in Berlin, "and in 1870 succeeded Lauhe as director of the Stadttheater in Leipzig, and managed it cleverly to great pecuniary advan- tage for six years. Henceforth he made his home in Berlin, and undertook only starring eng.age- ments, the most important of which was his tour through the United States, as far as Cali- fornia, in 1882-83. His distinguished appear- ance made him an apt impersonator of the aristo- cratic types in high comedy which belong to the most brilliant parts of his repertory, presented with original conception, exquisite refinement, and ingenious elaboration of character. Chief among these were Count Thorane, in Gutzkow's Konifisleiitnant. Klingsberg the elder in Di'' hriden Klingsberp, Chevalier Rocheferrier in Kiite Pnrtir Piquet, and similar roles. Consult Simon, Fiirflrich Ilaase: Eine dramaturgische Studie ( Berlin, 1898 1.