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* GYULA. 419 GZOWSKI. manufactures of wine, oil, and spirits; turtle- lisliing; and a considerable trade in cattle, ropu- lation, in 1890, 19,'J'Jl; in 1900, 22,023. GYULAI, dyoo'KM, Fhanz. Count von :Maro3- N^metli and Nadaska (179S-18GS). An Austrian soldier, born at Pest. In 1814 he entered the Aus- trian Army, and liy 1840 had risen to the rank of major-general commanding a division. In that year also he was apjiointed commandant of Triest, in which post in 1848 he assembled the scattered vessels of the Austrian Navy, so far as possible, under his control, and after the outbreak of revo- lution assumed command of this naval force upon his own responsibility and maintained a coast defense. He became War ilinister in 1840. In 1859 he received cliicf command of the Austrian Army in the Italian War, but after his defeat by the Franco-Sardinians at Magenta he retired from the .service. Consult Riistow. Dir ifolirn- ischc Krieq ISoO, politisch-militarisch yeschrichen (Zurich, 1859). GYULAI, Pal ( 1826— ). An Hungarian poet and literary critic. He was born and educated at Klansenburg, and was appointed jirofessor of Hungarian literature at Budapest in 1875. His works include a biography of Viiriismarty (2d ed. 1879) ; a critical work on Katona (2d ed. 1883) ; the collection of novels entitled Vazlatoh cs kcpck (Sketches and Pictures, 18(i7) ; and a volume of poems (1882). GZOWSKI, gzhov'ski. Sir Casuiir Stanis- LAUS (1813-98). A Polish-Caiuidian engineer, born in Saint Petersburg. He graduated at the military engineering college in Kremenetz, Vol- hynia, and had a commission in the regular army that he relinquished to join the patriots of t Poland in their insurrection, for which he was imprisoned in Austria and banished, going to the United States in 1833. Having no knowledge of English, he could not follow his own profession there, so he taught French, (tcrman, drawing, and fencing: studied law in Pittstield, ilass.. and practiced it in Pennsylvania. In 1841 he re- paired to Toronto, where he speedily found engi- neering occupation in connection with the pro- posed enlargement of the Welland Canal, and he received an appointment in the Public Works De- partment. He had charge of the harbor works at Montreal (1850-531, was chief engineer of the Saint Lawrence and Atlantic Railway Company, and in 1857-09 senior partner of a railroad-build- ing firm which owned rolling-mills in Toronto. In 1871 he was engineer of the International Bridge across the Niagara River. He was knighted in 1891.