Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/451

* GUYTON DE MORVEAU. ■101 GWINNETT. first menil)Ois of the Institute. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly and of the Conven- tion, where he voted for tiie e.eeution of Louis ^VL Krom 1800 to 1814 he was at the liead of the Freneli mint, wlicre he did mueh to promote the use of the decimal system. GUZEL-HISSAR, gu'zel-his-sar'. A city in Asiatic Turkey. See AlDlx. GUZERAT, gUr/ze-riit. See Gujarat. GUZMAN, goCth-man', De. A titU' often ap- plied to Saint Dominic. See Dominic, Saint. GUZMAN, NuNO (or Nunez) Beltban (c. 1485- 1544). A Spanish lawyer and soldier, born at tJuadalajara. He was for a time Enco- mendero at Puerto de Plata, Espaiiola, and in l.i2(i was a])pointed Governor of Panueo, a prov- ince of Xorthwestern Jlcxico. He busily schemed against Cortes, and invaded Xarvaez's territory of Kio de las Palmas. In 1528 he became president of the first .4udiencia of Mexico, and until 1531, when he was deposed by the second Audiencia. was ruler of the country. He conquered the district long known as Xueva Galicia in 15.30. and was appointed its Governor. He had little save his bravery to recommend him. GUZMAN BLANCO, blan'kA, Antonio ( 1829- 09 ) . A Venezuelan soldier and political leader, liorn in Caracas. Early in life he was banished for his share in political disturbances, and after taking a prominent part in two invasions, be- came Vice-President of Venezuela under Falcon, in 1863. Driven from olhce in 1808, he headed a revolution, which restored him to power in 1870, and for many years he was virtual dictator of the country. Other men were occasionally per- mitted to fill the office of President, but they were merely figure-heads. In 1889, however, popular discontent was aggravated by reports of corrupt contracts made in Paris; and Ciuzmfin Blanco, who was then acting as envoy to all the European pow- ers, was practically deposed by Congress. Although he amassed great wealth by ([uestionable methods, and his rule was despotic, he introduced many beneficent reforms, improved the public credit, founded schools, and built canals and railways. GUZMAN DE ALFABACHE, dfi al'fa-rii'- cha. The liero of a Spanish romance by Mateo Aleman, published at Madrid, the first part in 1599, the second in 1605. The story is that of a boy cast upon the world, who in his career passes through almost all the phases of knavery. The style is dry and the adventures are used as texts for a severely sarcastic connnentary. It is much more minutely realistic than its contemporary, Don (Jtii,r<_rte. GWALIOR, gwii'le-or. A native State or agency of Central India, the dominions of the Maharajah Sindhia. consisting of a main north- ern portion, which is separated from Rajputana, on tile northwest, by the Chambal River, and of several detached portions straggling far to the .south (Map: India. C 3). Area, 29,047 square miles. Jjying partly in the basin of the .Jumna, and partly in the basins of the Nerbudda and the Tapti. it di-ides its drainage between the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. The population, in- cluding that of the Guna Agency, which was united with Gwalior in 1890. in 1891 was 2.095.- 000: in 1901. 2.150.000. Though Gwalior is a jStahratta prinei|)ality. it is only to the south of the Nerbudda that the Mahrattas form anv con- siderable proportion of the (leople. Since 1803 the country has been under British protection; the existing relations date from 1844. In 184.3 the death of the sovereign, by producing universal an;irchy. led to the forcible interposition of the British tiovernment. liy a treaty of the following .lanuary, in addition to a large contingent under British authority, the native Government was pi'rmitted to have 9000 troops of its own. Capi- tal, Gwalior (q.v. ) . GWALIOR. The capital of the State of the same name in Central India, near the northeast extremity of its straggling territory (Map: India, ('3). Its nucleus is a citadel crowning an iso- lated rock about 300 feet in height, perpendicular on all sides, and measuring 1% miles by 300 yards. It can accommodate a garrison of 15,000 men. The spot is supposed to have been oeeu- pied as a stronghold for more than a thousand years, and the summit has been provided, from time to time, with several spacious tanks. Along the eastern base of this eminence lies the town of Gwalior, which contains a beautiful mosque of white sandstone, while in the vicinity palaces, reck temples, and statues abound, of particular areha'ological and architectural interest. To the southwest the Lashkar, or camp of the Maha- rajah's army, extends for several miles, while to the northeast is the Mvirar, or cantonment of the protecting contingent. Gwalior has had a long and eventful history, not the least important among its varied incidents being the mutiny of the native army in 1857, notwithstanding the fidelity of the Maharajah. Population, in 1891. 104,100; in 1901, 118,200. GWIN, William McKendry (1805-85). An ,meriiaii i)olitician. He was born in Sumner County, Tenn., graduated in medicine at Tran- sylvania University in 1828, and for five yeara was a practicing physician at Clinton, Miss. He was a Democratic Congressman from that State in 1841-42, but in 1848 declined a renomination, fornia. He was a member of the California Con- stitutional Convention late in 1849, and was a member of the United States Senate from 1850 to 1861, when he was arrested on a charge of dis- loyalty, and was imprisoned. On his release in 1863, he went to France, and took part in an inisuccessful scheme for colonizing Sonora, Mexi- co, with Southerners. GWIN'NETT, Button (c.17.32-77) . An .merican patriot, a signer of the Declaration of Indejiendcnce. He was born in England, engaged in business in Bristol, and in 1770 removed to Charleston, S. C. where he remained until 1772. In the latter year he purchased a plantation on Saint Catherine's Island, Georgia. Through ac- quaintance with Dr. Lyman Hall he became intensely interested in the early Revolutionary movement in Georgia, and in 1775 was a member of the first delegation elected by that province to the Continental Congress. He was a member of that body at the time of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, of which he was one of the signers. In 1776-77. as a member of the Georgia Constitutional Convention, he took a tution, and in the same year was president of the Provincial Council. Defeated both for the odice of Governor under the new Constitution, and for selecti<m as brigadier-general of the Georgia
 * ind in 1849 went with the gold-hunters to Cali-
 * irominent part in framing the new State Consti-