Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/403

* GUILLAUME BE LORRIS. 355 GUILLEMOT. break is presumed to have liecn caused by bis early death. Tbe Koiiiun was eompleted by Jean de .leun aliout 1277, but in a very dilFereut style, (iuillauiiie's part in it has been called "a complete mediu'val art of love." GUILLAUME DE MACHAULT, or MA- CHAUT, nm'.shi' ( c. 1290- 1377 ) . A Frencli poet and nuisician, born near ilachault, in Cham- pagne. He was secretary to John of Luxendjurg. King of Bohemia. In this capacity he accom- panied the King in his various expeditions, and remained with him until his death, at the battle of Crecy ( 134U) . When John the (iood ascended the throne of France, he gave Guillaunie the office of Royal Notary (1350). Meanwhile he had held (lill'erent ecclesiastical positions. His musical compositions consist of motets, ballads, and ron- deau.x for several voices, and a mass, which was sung at the coronation of Charles V. (1364). The manuscript of this is in the National Library, Paris. Of his numerous poems, one describes the instruments of music used in those days. Among the others are: Le comfort d'anii (1356) ; Ln jtrise (I'Alexnndric, the history of Pierre I. of Lusignan, King of Cyprus; and Le lirre dii roir-dit. Consult: TarbO. Lrn rriii-ns dr (liiil- hnime de Machaut (Paris, 1840) : and Paulin Paris. Le lirrc dii voir-dit de Guillaume de Mn- claiit (ib., 1875). GUILLAUME DE PALERNE, de ])a'larn'. An old French romance, of which the translation has been i)rinted by the Early English Text Society under the title of William of Palerne. It is founded on the werewolf superstition. Con- sult Saintsburv, .1 Shnrt Hislon/ of French Li'- ernture (New York, 1882). GUILLAUMET, ge'yo'ma', Gustave Achille (1S40-S7). A French landscajie and genre paint- er, born in Paris. He studied under Picot and Barrias, and won the second Prix de Rome in 1863. Soon afterwards he went to Biskra (Al- geria), and began the series of Moorish scenes by which he became known. The first of these, "Evening Prayer in the Desert" (1863), is in the Luxembourg. The somewhat melancholy and mysterious character of his Eastern pictures is in striking contrast to the brilliant, sparkling treatment by Fromentin of the same subjects. His other works include: "Laghouat," "The Seguia Ravine, near Biskra." both in the Luxem- bourg: "Arab Market in the Plain of Tokria:" "The Famine;" "The Dogs of Douar." He also contributed to the yoiireUe Heme articles after- wards collected and published with the title, Tahleaux nlf/crirns (1880), an interesting lit- erary comment on his own work. GUILLEMEAU, gel'mO', Jacques (1550- 1613). A French surgeon, born at Orleans. He studied medicine at the Hotel Dieu in Paris, served for several years in the army, and in 1595 became provost of the College of Surgeons, Paris. He was the author of several treatises of con- siderable value and authority, such as: Traiti dcK mnhnUes dc I'ncil (1585) ; De !(i ffrossesse et de Vneeonehemcnt des femmes (1621) ; (Eiivres de ehirurpie (1602) ; La chirurgic fran<:aise (1594). GUILLEMET, gi'l'ma', Jean Baptiste An- ToiNE (1842—). . French landscape painter, born at Chantilly. He studied under Corot and Oudinot, and first e:>ihibited in 1865. His land- scapes are usually of the country about Nor- mandy or near Paris, treated in simple direct style and quiet color. Examples of his work are: "Low Tide at Villerville," in the nniseum of Grenoble; "View of Bcrcy," in the Luxem- bourg; and a "View of Paris," also bought by the French Government. He received second-class medals at the Salon of 1874, and the Paris Expo- sition in 1S89, and the Legion of Honor in 1880. GUILLEMIN, .gel'maN', AMiii)l5E Victor (182li-'J3). A French scientific writer, born at Pierre, Saone-et-Loire. He was educated in Paris, and became a teacher of mathematics. He is best known as the author of many popular books on scientific subjects, such as: Les iitoiidcs, causcrics ostruiiomiijucs (1861) ; Simi)le explica- tion des ehemins de fer (1862) ; Le ciel (1864) ; La lune (1805); Elements dc cosmoyraphie (1866) ; Les phencnncnes dc la ph;/siijuc (1867) ; Les applications dc la physique aux sciences (1873) ; Ija vapeur (1873) : Les cometes (1874) ; La lumiere ct les couleiirs (1875); Le son (1870); Les etoiles (1877); Les ncbuleuses (1880); Le monde physique (1880-85); and Petite enci/elopcdie populaire (1886-91). GUILLEMIN, Jacques Antoine (1796- 1842). A French botanis't, born at Pouill.v-sur- Saone, COte-d'Or. He was educated at Dijon and Geneva, and went afterwards to Pari.s, where he was at first a private tutor, then assistant in the museum, then professor of botany at the horticultural institute (1830-34). Four years afterwards he was sent to investigate the tea plantations of Brazil to determine if the plant could not be grown in France, and returned with a large number of specimens, though the greater part of them were spoiled in transit. He contrib- uted articles to the botanical archives and to various learned societies, made also an ollicial leport of his trip to Rio Janeiro and published besides: Rceherehes siir le pollen (1825) ; Icones Lithographiece Plantarum Australim Rarioriim Decades Dues (1832); and Considerations sur I'amertnme des vcyctaiix (1832). GUILLEMOT, gil'e-mot (Fr. guillemot, from Bret, gnehni. Welsh gii^ylan. Corn, gullan, gull -f- OF. moettc, Fr. mouette, dialectic Fr. mauwe, from OHG. meh, Icel. mar, Dutch meeuie, Ger. Mowe, AS. maew, Eng. meir). Any auk (q.v.) of the genera Cepphus and Uria ; specific^ally, the common or 'foolish' guillemot (Uria troile). These auks are extremely abundant in the Arctic regions and the colder parts of the temperate zone, particularly in the neighborhood of rocky coasts, the winter migrations extending as far south as the Mediterranean. It is called foolish guillemot from its often sufTering itself to be taken by the hand rather than leave the clifTs on which it breeds, where numbers may be seen stationed close together on the ledges of rock. It lays only one egg. which has an exceed- ingly thick shell, is pear-shaped, and remarka- bly large, being more than three inches long. Tliis egg exhibits remarkable variety in color- ing. No nest is juade, but the brooding bird places its webbed toes beneath the egg when incubating, and warms it beneath and between its thighs. The skin, with the feathers, is used for clothing in some northern regions. Young birds and eggs are among the objects in pursuit of which the rock-fowlers of the northern coasts scale or descend terrifying precipices. Great numbers of the eggs are exported from