Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/397

* GXJICCIARDINI. 349 GUIDO. istruHoni scritte durante la luogotenenxa generate per il I'apa Clcmcnle ^ 11. (vols, iv., v.) ; Carteg- ' gio, loJ^-.i'i (vols, vi.-ix.) ; liicordi autobiografici e di famigliu, seritti eari (vol. ..). Consult: Bonoist, (liiiehardiii, Iiistorien et homme d'etat (Paris, 18G2) ; Gioda, Guiceiardini e le sue opcre ineditc (Bologiia, 1880); Rossi, Francesco Quicciardini e il governo fiorenthio dal 1527 al lo'iO (Bologna, ISOti) ; Zanoni, Vila pubhlica di Francesco Guiceiardini (Bologna, isno). GTJICCIOLI, gwS-eh6'16, Teresa, Countess (1801-73). The daughter of Count Gamlia of Ravenna; married when sixteen to Count (iuie- cioli, who was over sixty. .She is known to fame from her intiniaev with Lord Byron in 1810-22. In 1851 she married the ilarquis de Boiss^'. She wrote a defense of Byron, entitled Lord Bi/ron juge par les timoins de sa vie (1868), known in its English translation as Mi/ Recollections of Lord Btjron (1809). GXTICHARD, ge'shiir', Karl THEOPiiiLfS, hetter known as QuiNTfS ICILIUS (1724-75). A German soldier and writer on military affairs, born in Magdeburg. As an ensign (1747) he took part in the War of the Austrian Succession in the Netherlands, and in 1752 he was mustered out with the rank of captain. In 1758 he pub- lished his Memoires mihtiiircs siir les Orees et les Romain,s. At the outbreak of the Seven Years' ^Yar he enlisted in the army of Duke Ferdinand of Bi-unswick. and in 1758 was , presented to Frederick the Great, to whose per- sonal service he was forthwith attached. It was at Landshut in May, 1759, that Fred- erick referred to a certain centurion mentioned in Polybius's account of the battle of Phar.salus as Quintus Icilius. Guichard ventured that the name was Quintus Ca>cilius, persevered in his cor- rection, and next day appeared with the text of Polybius in confirmation. "So ?" retorted the King. "Well, then, Quintus Icilius shall be your name!" From that time Guichard appeared as Quintus Icilius in all lists and reports. He be- came major in 175S, and aft.>r the conclusion of the war was retained at Potsdam. Avhere he was promoted to be colonel. He published further, Memoires critiques et historiques siir phisieurs points d'antiquit^s militaires (177.3). Consiilt , Carlvle, History of Frederick the Oreat (London, 1858-05). GXJICHE, gfeh, DiAXE D'ANDonN.s, Countess of (1554-1020). A mistress of Henry IV. of France; davighter of Paul d'. douins. In 1507 she married Philibert de Gramont, Count of Quiche. About 1580 Jlontaigne dedicated some sonnets to her. and about that date the belle Corisande, as she was called, met the King, who wished to marry her after her husband's death at La F?re (1580). Henry's letters to her are included in his published correspondence, Rccueil des lettres missives de Henri IV. (9 vols., 1843- 76). GUIDE (OF. guis, Fr. guide, from OF. guier, guider, Fr. auider, to guide, probably from Goth., AS. loitan, OHG. rcizzan. Ger. u-issen, to know, Lat. videre, to see, Gk. dSivai, eidenai, Skt. ri'rf, to know). A military term denoting the non- commissioned officer detailed to regulate the pace and direction of bodies of troops during parade, drill or evolutions. It also describes the person, civil or military, intrusted with the responsibility or duty of leading troops through a strange coun- try, or during night operations. In the French Army flu- Guide Corps of cavalry and infantry form an important branch, 'i'lie corps of guides of the British Indian Punjab frontier force con- sists of six troops of cavalry and eiglil companies of infantry, composed of native rank and file, and also, with the exception of fourteen Euro- peans, of native commissicmcd ollicers. The French Guide Corps was first formed in 1744 as a small company of messengers on active service, but the number increased rapidly, until Nai)olcon tinally formed tlicm into a corps ten thousand strong. GTJIDEEITJS, gwi-de'ri-us. A long-lost son of Cymbeline, in Shakesjx'are's romantic comedy of that name. Stolen, together with his brother, by the exiled Morgan when a child, he dwells with them in the forests of ancient Britain and receives into his cave his lost and unrecognized sister. He is restored to his princely rank and surround- ings in the denouement. GUIDGTJID, gwid'gwid, or GTTITGUIT. An imitative name given in tropical America to almost any small bird having a quickl}' repeated cry, especially the creepers of the genera Coereba, Dacnis, and the like. It is also used of members of the family Pteroptochid;e, which consists of many species of small, plainly colored, wren-like birds which spend their time and seek their insect food on the ground in the forest. A Chilean species (Hyactes megapodius) is very well known as 'elturco.' GtriDI, gwe'de. Carlo Alessandro (1650- 1712). An Italian poet, born at Pavia. Litera- ture, especially poetrj', engrossed his earliest attention, and to the ability of his first pieces he owed the notice of the Duke of Parma, whose favor he further secured by the talent he evinced in setting his verses to airs of his own composi- tion. In 1685, with the sanction of the Duke, he went to Rome, where his patron assigned him apartments in the Farncsc Palace. He obtained the friendship of Christina, Queen of Sweden, and composed, at her request and with her col- laboration, the pastoral drama of Endimione; he was also one of the first members of the Arcadia. He died at Frascati. The dramas of Guidi fail in sweetness and affection, but are interesting and elevated in sentiment. As a lyrical poet Guidi ranks very high : to him is due a modification of the canzone by the intro- duction- into it of free strophes. He was at first under the influence of JIarinism, but he later adopted the classical manner of Chiabrera and Testi. His Rime appeared first at Parma in 1681. Consult: Martelli, in Vite dcgli Arcadi, vol. iii. (Rome, 1714) ; Crescimbeni, in the Poesie di A. Guidi, non piil raccollc (Verona, 1720). GUIDI, ToMMASO. See !NLSAcrio. GUIDICCIONI, gwe'de-cho'ne, GiovAxra (1500-41). An Italian poet, born at Lucca. He was made Bishop of Fossombrone. and afterwards president of the Romagna and governor of the jiarches. His love poems are of little value, but where his strong feeling for his country is sho'Ti, as in the sonnet beginning "The Arne. and the Tiber, and the Po." his verse is vers' noble. His ccmplete works were published in 1718, and his Lcltirr iiirdite in 1805. GUIDO, gnve'do. Duke of Spoleto. He con- tested the Italian crown with Berengar I. (q.v.).