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* GUARDIAN. 333 GUARNEBI. GUARDIAN, The. ( 1 ) A play by Massinger, licensed l(i33, produced at Court with success, l(i34, and published in 1055. (2) A comedy by Abraham Cowley hastily written on the occasion of Prince Charles's passage through Cambridge, where the poet was a fellow (1041), and printed in 1050. In 1G5S it was revised under tlie title of The Cutler of Cotemnn Street, and published in 1003. (3) A periodical founded in 1713, iu London, by Richard Steele. It was the successor of the Spectator, but was issued only from JIarch to October. Of the 176 papers, 53 were written by Addison. GUARDIAN ANGEL, The. A novel by Oliver Wendell Holmes (1807). The "guardian angel' is Professor Gridley, who watches over the heroine. Like Holmes's other novels, it deals with psychological questions. GUARD-SHIP. In a fleet or squadron, the duty ship of the day. She must provide a guard- boat which makes the rounds of the fleet or squadron one or more times a day carrying mail, orders, etc.. to and from the flagship. She must also furnish additional special boats for this sort of service if called upon. She must furnish the patrol boatSj if such are necessary, and are not supplied by other vessels of the fleet. An ofBcer from the guard-ship boards all vessels entering port if so required by the senior officer present, and makes a report to him in regard to them. The guard-ship, during the twenty-four hours of the duty, hoists the guard-flag at the fore, and at night is distinguished by a red lantern car- ried at the truck, GUARINT, gwa-re'ne, Giovanni Battista (1538-1612), An Italian poet, born at Ferrara. On the termination of his studies at the univer- sities of Pisa, Padua, and Ferrara, he was ap- pointed to the chair of literature in the last, and soon after the publication of some sonnets ob- tained for him great popularity as a poet. At the age of thirty he accepted service at the Court of Ferrara. and was intrusted by Duke Alfonso II. with various diplomatic missions. Differences between him and the Duke induced him to with- draw from the Court of Ferrara about the year 1587. Having resided successively in Savoy, Man- tua, Florence, and Urbino, he returned to his native Ferrara, and discharged one final public mission, that of congratulating Pope Paul V. on his election (1605). He died in Venice, whither he had been summoned to attend a lawsuit. As a poet he is remarkable for refined grace of language and sweetness of sentiment, while his defects are occasional artificiality, due to an unnatural quintessence of conceit, a too constant recurrence of antithetical imagery, and an affect- ed dallying with his pleas. His chief and most popular work. II pastor fdo. is regarded in Italy as a standard of elegant pastoral composi- tion, and obtained a high measure of popularity on its appearance. The writer designed it as a tragicomic pastoral ; its first dramatic represen- tation was in honor of the nuptials of the Duke of Savoy and Catharine of Austria ( 1 585 ). It was not published until 1500. at Venice, and Guarini continued to make changes in it until the twentieth edition appeared at Venice in 1002. Altogether, some 120 editions of this favorite work have been issiied ; the best is that of G. Casella (Florence, 1806). containing an essay on the poet, which is also to be found in vol, ii. of Casella 's Opere (Florence, 1884). Transla- tions of the Fustor jido have appeared in very many modern languages. In its kind, the play has been surpassed only by the Amivta of Tasso. In editorial work .Guarini prepared the Hcelte delle rime of Tasso, published at Ferrara in 1582. Jlention may be made, among Gua- rini's other works, of his Cumpcitdio delta poesia tragicotniea, published in 1001, and again in the 1002 edition of the Pastor fulo : his dialogue, II scgretario (1504), on the duties of a secretary, and on matters of logic, rhetoric, etc.; the prose comedy La idropica, written about 1584 (published 1613); his Let- tere (1593) ; the Trattaio delta politiea liberld, (first published in Venice, 1818), Consult: Rossi, Battista Guariiii ed. II pastor fido (Turin, 1880) ; Cian. in Archivio veneto, second series, vols, x.xxiij and xxxiii. (Venice, 1880) ; Ruggieri's life of Guarini, published in the edition of the Trattaio delta politiea liberta (Venice, 1818) : Saviotti, Guariniana (Pesaro, 1888) ; M. W. Shelley. Lives of the Most Eminent L'ternrt/ and Scientific Men of Italy, vol. ii. (London, 1835). GUARINI, gwa-re'ne, Guabino (I624-C.1683). An Italian architect, born in Modena. He was appointed architect to the Duke of Savoy, Carlo Emanuele II., and to his successor, and de- signed many public and private structures in Turin. These include the Church of San Lo- renzo of the Theatins ; the Sanctuary of the Madonna della Consolata ; the mortuary chapel of the House of Savoy in the Church of San Giovanni ; and the Church of Saint Philip Neri. All these are in the fantastic style of Bernini, which Guarini carried to the extreme of the baroque. He also designed the Church of Sainte Anne of the Theatins on the Quai Voltaire. Paris, since destroyed; and buildings in Prague, Lisbon, and Modena. He wrote Arehitettura civile dirisa in cinque trattati (1737), and several other works on architecture. GUARINO (Lat. Varinus) DA VERONA, gAva-re'nS da va-ro'nS (1370-1460). A learned Italian of the Renaissance, especially influential in reviving the study of Greek. He studied under Chrysoloras at Constantinople, and after his re- turn to Italy taught in many places, including Venice, Verona, Padua, Bologna, and Florence. At one period he was tutor to Prince Lionello of Ferrara, and acted as interpreter for the Coun- cil of Ferrara. He translated the first ten books of Strabo, and a portion of Plutarch ; wrote a Greek as well as a Latin grammar, and com- mented on Aristotle, Cicero, Persius, Juvenal, and Martial. Consult: Rosmini, Vita, Guarino (Brescia, 1805-06) ; Sabbadini, Guarino Veronese e il svo epistolario (Salerno, 1885) ; La scuola e fill studi di Guarino (Catania, 1806) ; Woodward, T ittorino da Feltre and Other Humanist Educa- tors (Cambridge, 1897), GUABNERI, gwiir-na're. or GUARNE'- RIUS, A noted family of violin-makers of Cre- mona, Italy. The head of the family. Pietro Andrea (c.103O), learned his art of Nicold Amati, for whom he worked from 1050 to 1695. — Giuseppe (16e0-c.l730), son and successor of. drea, was as much an imitator of Stradivarius as was his father of Amati. — .Another son, Pietro, was also a violin-maker, but a much in- ferior workman to his father and brother. — The most famous member of the family was Giuseppe