Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/371

* GUANACO. Uue to the influence of an instinct inherited from the time wlien the country was nnicli colder, and whenever storms or other distress afflicted the animals, they were accustomed to seek a covert in the bushes which grew only alongside the sunken streams. Consult: Tschudi, Reisen (lurch Sud-Amcrika (Leipzig;, 186fl-0!1) ; Darwin, .1 yaturalist's Voyage (London. 18(j0) ; Cun- ningham, yatiiral Histori/ of the Straits of Magellan (London, 1871); Hudson. The .A'o/»- ralist in La Plata (London, 1892) ; Spears, Gold Diggings of Cape JJoni (New York. 1895). See Llama ; Vicuna : Plate of Camels and Llamas. GXJANAHANI, gwa'na-hil'ne. The name given by the natives to the island on which Columbus first landed, and which he called San Salvador. It is identified b_Y some with Cat Island, one of the Bahamas, while others believe it to be the present Watling's Island, belonging to the same group. GUANAJAY, Erva'na-Hi'. The chief town of the department of the same name in the Province of Pinar del Rio. Cuba (Map: Cuba, C 3). It is situated a short distance from the Puerto del Mariel, 20 miles west of Havana, and is the terminus of the Havana and Guanajay Railroad. It is surrounded by hills, and is one of the best health resorts in the province. Population, in 1899, 879t5. GUANAJUATO, gwii'na-iiwa'to. An inland State of Jlexico. bounded on the north by the State of San Luis Potosf. on the east by Quere- taro, on the south by Miehoacan, and on the west by Jalisco (Map: Mexico, H 7). Area, 11,370 'square miles. The State lies entirely within the great central plateau of Mexico, Ana- hnac (q.v. ), whose average elevation is GOOO feet above the sea. The surface is mountainous in the northern half, where it is traversed by the Sierra Gordo and Sierra de Guanajuato, while the southern half is more level. The chief rivers are the Lerma and its two tributaries, the Laja and the Turbio. There are a number of lakes in the southern part of the State, and mineral springs abound. The climate is moderate in the plains and somewhat cold in the mountains. In the valleys and plains the chief industries are agriculture and stock-raising, while in the moun- tainous regions mining ranks first. The chief agricultural products are corn, wheat, barley, tropical fruits, and red pepper. The mineral wealth of the State is very large, silver, gold, mercury, tin, lead, and copper being represented. The annual output of the mines is valued at over $9,000,000. Guanajuato has a large num- ber of small cotton and woolen mills, flour-mills, potteries, breweries, distilleries, etc. The State is traversed in three directions by the Mexican Central Railway, and also by two other lines. Guanajuato is one of the most densely populated States of Mexico; its population in 1900 was 1.065,317, or nearly 94 inhabitants per square mile. The capital is Guanajuato (q.v.). GUANAJUATO, or SANTA FE DE GUA- NAJUATO, siin'ta fa' ih'i gv:i'na-nwli'to. The capital of the State of Guanajuato. Mexico, situ- ated in the Canada de Marfil. 0200 feet above sea- level and 165 miles northwest of Mexico (Map: Jlexico, H 7). It is Oriental in general appear- ance; its streets are deep and tortuous, but the houses are well built, and the city contains many fine public buildings, the chief of which are the 327 GUANIDIN. cathedral, the monasteries (eight in number), the college, the gynmasium, the thealre, and the mint. In the vicinity are numerous silver- mines, among the richest in all ilexico. It has manufactures of soap, chemicals, pottery, and some silverware. It has a fine system of water- works. Population, 53,000. Guanajuato was founded in 1554. and under Spanish rub' num- bered over 100,000 inhabitants, receiving the title of city in 1741. It is one of the most historic spots "in Mexico, having been originally distin- guished by the heroic "struggle of the natives of the region against Spanish conquest. In the great war for liberation against the mother coun- try the city was the scene of the first great battle at" the storming of the AlhOndiga de Granaditas (q.v.) in 1810. It was repeatedly sacked during the long war. GUANABE, gw:-n;i'ra. Capital of the Vene- zuelan State of Zamora, situated near the River Guanarito (Map: Venezuela, D 2). It is a place of great importance in the cattle trade of the count ri'. Its population is estimated at 11,000. Guanare was founded in 1593. GUANCHOS, gwiin'choz (native Guanchinet, from guan, man + Chinet, Teneriffe). A Ha- mitic people, formerly numerous in the Canary Islands, associated with the ancient Canarii and Kamnurieh. Their subjugation by the Spaniards was completed about 1490, and they are now al- most extinct. In craniological characters they approach the Cro-Magnon race of France, with subdolichoeephalous skull, low forehead, and pro- jecting jav.-3. Those who first described them say that they were a handsome people, tall, well built, athletic," and agile. Their complexion and hair were blond, but mixture with Arabs changed these characteristics in ditTerent islands. By their lan- gi'.age and inscriptions they ally themselves with the Berbers of Xorth Af'rica, and the ancient Xumidians. Consult Wallach, in Journal of the Anthropological Institute, voL xviii. (London, 1SS7-88). GUANE, gwa'nS, or GUANES, gwa'nas. An inland town of Cuba, in the Province of Pinar del Rio. and judicial seat of its district, about 20 miles southwest of Pinar del Rio (Map: Cuba, B 4). It is a centre of tobacco and cotton production, cattle-raising, and cedar lumbering. Population, in 1899, 14.760. GUANIDIN, gwa'ni-din (from guano), CHjXj. An organic substance obtained in small quantities by the direct oxidation of proteids, and readily converted into urea ; it is therefore possibly one of the intermediate products of the gradual disintegration of proteids in the animal body. Guanidin is a crystalline solid substance soluble in water and alcohol; it acts as a power- ful base, forming crystalline salts by combination with one molecule of acid. Chemically guanidin is an imido-urea, its constitution being represent- ed by the following structural formula : / NTI~ C = XH XTIj Guanidin It may be prepared synthetically by the action of ammonium chloride on cyan-amide in alcoholic solution. The most important derivatives of guanidin are kreatin and kreatinin (qq.v.), the