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* GUADELOUPE. 324 GUAIACOL. GUADELOUPE, gft'de-loop', Fr. pron. gwi'id'- luT.]/. TIlo laigfst of the French West liuiiau isUuids, situated between the British islands of Dominica to tlie south and Jlontserrat on the north (llap: West Indies, Q G). Area, (il'J .'.quare miles. Guadeloupe is practically divided into two islands — Basse Terre and Grande Terre, separated by the Riviere Salee, an inlet four miles long and 100 to 400 feet wide. The two portions dili'er radically. Basse Terre, the western part, is mountainous, and reaches in its highest peak the activi' volcano of La Grande Soufri&re, an altitude of about 5500 feet. It is of volcanic for- mation and intersected by a large number of vol- canic streams. Grande Terre, the eastern part, on the otlier hand, has few elevations above 100 feet, is of calcareous formation, and depends for its water-sup])ly mainly on ponds and marshes. The climate of Guadeloupe is hot and moist, and not unholthful in the more elevated parts of the island. Tlie mean annual temperature is nearly 80°. Guadeloupe, like most of the West Indies, has a fertile soil, and produces chiefly sugar, coffee, cacao, vanilla, rice, bananas, etc. Over 30 per cent, of the total area is vmder culti- vation, and of that nearly 50 per cent, is under sugar. The sugar industry of the island, which had greatly declined with the abolition of slav- ery, has again revived as a result of the impor- tation of coolies, and the annual output amounts at present to about 50.000 tons. Cotton, rub- Iser, and tobacco are also cultivated to some ex- tent. The forests of Guadeloupe, confined largely to Basse Terre, are quite extensive, aboiuiding in campcachv or logwood. The commerce for !S89 amounted to .30.700.000 francs ($7,082,100), divided almost equally between exports and im- ports. Guadeloupe forms, together with the isl- ands of Marie Galante, Les Saintes, Saint Bar- tholomew (Barthelemy), and a part of Saint JIartin, a French colony, and is administered by a governor, an executive council of six, and a legislative council of thirty members. It is rep- resented in the French Parliament by a Sena- tor and two Deputies. The budget for 1900 balanced at about 5,000,000 francs (.$965,000), and the subvention from the French Government amounted, in 1901, to 1,600,000 francs ($.308,- 800). The population of the island of Guade- loupe, chiefly colored, was 182,112 in 1901, in- cluding about 15,000 coolies. Capital, Basse Terre (q.v. ) ; chief commercial town, Pointe-.l- Pitre, at the south entrance of the Rivi&re Salee. Guadeloupe w'as discovered by Columbus in 1493, and settled by the French in 1635. During the latter half of the seventeenth century the' •colonists resisted several attacks by the British, who finally captured the island in 1759 and re- tained it until 1763. The island was again captured by the British in 1794 and 1810. In 1813 it was transferred to Sweden, and in 1816 was formally restored to France. Consult: An- nvaire cle In Onnilc'loupe et dependances (Basse Terre) ; Boumais, Giiadelmipe physique, politiqve, crononiiqni. nrcc vnc notice historiqve (Paris, 1881) ; Stoddard, Crvising Amont) the Carihhees (London, 1896): Ballet, Lo Gntideioiipe (Basse Terre. 1890-96) ; Guesde, Ln Guadrloiipe et d4- pciiihuiccs (Paris, 1900). GUADET, g-vva'diV, Marguerite Eue (1758- ?4). A French orator and statesman, born at Saint Emilion. Already known as a lawyer, he •was elected in 1791 to the Legislative Assembly, and became one of the leaders of the Girondists. Although anxious for every curtailment of the power of the King, he attacked his enemies, iMarat and Robespierre, quite as violently when reelected to the Convention in 1792. The pro- ceedings he demanded against Marat ended in the hitter's acquittal, and Gaudet took refuge in Saint Emilion with his famil}% where he was dis- covered and sliortly afterwards guillotined at Bordeaux. GUADIANA, gwa'De-il'na (Lat. AnasJ. One of the longest, but at the same time the narrow- est and poorest in volume, of the five great Spanish rivers (Map: Portugal, B 3). The little river which has conunonly been regarded as its head-stream, and which bears the name of Gua- diana Alto, rises ori the western boundary of the Province of Albacete, abov;t eight miles northwest of the toxn of Alcarez. From its source it flows northwest for about 30 miles, after which it dis- appears among swamps, and, according to latest investigations, finds its way by a subterranean passage to the Zflncara, a river which rises in the Province of Cuenca, and which should be con- sidered the head-stream of the Guadiana. A short distance from the Zancara are situated a ninnber of lakes, called Los Ojos (ej-es) de la Guadiana, which were formerly believed to indicate the sub- terranean course of the Guadiana. The Guadiana ]iursues a westward course through La JIancha and the Province of Estreniadura, imtil, passing the town of Badajoz, it bends southward, and flows in that direction through Portuguese terri- tory, partly forming the boundary between Spain and Portugal, until it enters the Atlantic below the town of A3'amonte. It is about 520 miles in length, but is navigable for only 40 miles : it is, moreover, extremely difficult to enter from the sea, on account of the rapid changes which take place in the channels and bars of its delta. Its chief affluents are the Giguela on the right, and the .labalon and Ardilla on the left. GUADIX, gwa-DSii'. A city of Spain, situ- ated in the Province of Granada, on the river Guadix, about 35 miles east-northeast of Granada (Map: Spain, D 4). It is said to have been the first bishop's see in Spain. It contains the ruins of a ^Moorish castle and a cathedral. It has brandy distilleries and manufactures build- ing materials ; in the neighborhood are iron and copper mines. Population, in 1900, 12.616. GUADUAS, g^vfl-DTTo'as. A city in the De- partment of Cundinamarca, Colombia, situated in the fertile vallev on the road between Bogota and Honda (Map: Colombia, C 2), at 3100 feet above sea-level. The town lies in a district producing coffee and sugar, and abounding in asphalt deposits ; its chief manufactures are leather and hats. Population, 9000. It was founded bv a monk, who built a convent there in 1614. GUAGUA, g^va'g^va. A town of Luzon, Phil- ippines, in the Province of Pampanga. It is situated about three miles southwest of Bacolor. Population, in 1898. 10,722. . GUAGUANCHE, gvva-gwan'ch& (Sp.-Am., probably from the native name). A small bar- racuda (ftphiirtrna fjimchancho), occasionally taken in the Southern L'nited States. GUAIACOL. gwT';i-kiM (from giiainc. from Sp. guaijnco, guayaean, from the Haitian or