Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/365

* GUADALAJARA. 323 GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS. theatres. The numerous convents rent their arcades to shopkeei)ors. The water-supply is de- rived from the many springs near the city, and is brought by an aqueduct eight miles long. Guadalajara is the centre of the iron, steel, and glass industries in Mexico, and also manufactures jjottery and leather. It is the residence of .a United States consular agent, and imports large quantities of maiuifactured goods from the United States. Populaliim, 1)5.000. Guadalajara was founded in 1530. GUADALAVIAR, gva'ua-l;i've-ar' (.r. wud al-abyad, white river). A river of Eastern Spain, rising in the Sierra do Gudar, in the Province of Teruel, and llowing in a south and southeast direction through Valencia. It falls into the Jlediterranean at the town of Valencia. Length, about 150 miles. In one place the river passes through a defile or canon, only 50 feet wide, with perpendicular roclcy sides 450 feet high, and the romantic scenery along its banks has been celebrated by many poets. Near its mouth the waters of the Guadalaviar are led off into numer- ous canals, irrigating the plain around Valencia, and a large part of it serves as the water-supply of the citv. GUADALCAZAR, gwa'dal-ka'sar. A town in the Province of San Liiis PotosI, Mexico, situ- ated in an arid region about 40 miles northeast of the city of San Luis Potosi (Jlap: Mexico, J 0). It is important because of its mines of quicksilver. Population, about 8000. GUADALQUIVIR, g.a'dal-kwiv'er, 8p. pron. gwil'Dal-ke-ver' (.r. wad al-kebir, great river). Ne.xt to the Ebro the most important river of Spain. It rises in the Sierra de Pozo, in the eastern part of the Province of Jaen, and, after pursuing for a short distance a northeasterly course between that range and the Sierra de Cazoila, makes an abrupt bend, and flows in a generally west and southwest direction through the provinces of Jaen, Cordova, and Seville, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean 20 miles north- west of Cadiz, after a course of 350 miles (Jlap: Spain, C 4). Its upper vallej- is irregular and mountainous, but through the greater part of its course it flows through a wide and level plain, somewhat resembling the Pampas of Argentina. Here the river runs sluggishly, and for the last VO miles of its course, as far as Seville, it is a tidal stream. Below Seville it divides twice, forming two large islands, called Isla Mayor and Isla Mcnor. .^t high water it often overflows its banks, and the whole region around its mouth is loiown as /,f(x .l/nnsHio.s. or tidal marshes. The principal tributary is the .Jenil. from the south. The middle valley is very fertile, and contains, besides the cities of Cordova and Seville, on the banks of the river, numerous to«-ns and villages. The river, though navigable to Seville for ships of 1200 tons, is not much used as a waterway. The Guadalquivir figures largely in the legends, poetry, and history of Spain. It is the Bsetis of the Romans. GUADALQUIVIR, M.rqtjis de la.s Maris- jfAS TiEi,. See .guado, Ale,tandro MabIa. GUADALUPE, gvii'Da-lorT'pa- A river of Texas. It rises in Kerr County, in the southwest central part of the St<ate, and flows southeast through pleasantly undulating prairie and forest regions past the towns of New Braunfels, Seguin, Gonzales, Cuero, and Victoria (Jlap: Texas, F 5). About 20 miles from its mouth it divides into two branches, the southern branch luiiling with San Antonio River, and both emptying inlo San Antonio Bay, 140 miles southwest of Gal- vestcm. The length of the Guadalupe is about 250 miles, and steamers can ascend it to Victoria. GUADALUPE HIDALGO, he-diil'g6 or e-niil'go, Treaty of. A treaty made between the United States and Mexico, at Guadalupe Hidal- go, a small place in the outskirts of the City of Mexico, February 2, 1S48, at the close of tlie Mexican War. The American negotiator was Xichulas P. Trist, of Virginia, chief clerk of the Department of State, who had been sent by President Polk, in the summer of 1847, to the headquarters of General Scott for the purpose of entering into negotiations with the llexican Government. At that time Trist was instructed to demand, among other things, the cession of New Mexico and the Californias and the recog- nition of the Rio Grande as the international boundary. During an armistice, in the month of August, commissioners of the Mexican Govern- ment met Trist and offered radically dilTcrcnt counter-propositions, insisting also upon the Nueces as the correct boundary. Nothing eame of these negotiations, and, upon the termination of the armistice, hostilities were resumed, and Trist was recalled. Nevertheless, he remained on the ground, and upon a suitable change in the military situation, negotiations were resumed in January, 1848, and on February 2d an agreement was reached in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Trist promptly returned to Washington, and President Polk submitted the treaty to the Senate on February 23d. After vigorous opposition on the part of some of the Senators, resulting in modifications which were accepted by Mexico, the treaty was ratified by the Senate on March 16th: ratifications were exchanged on May 30th, and the treaty was proclaimed on .July 4, 1848. By the terms of the treaty in its final form, the Rio Grande was established as the boundary for the eastern portion of the cession, and in the w-est the lines of the Gila and Colorado were so fol- lowed as to give to the United States all the territory then known .as New Mexico and Upper California. The United States agreed to pay to Mexico $15,000,000, and to assume the pay- ment of all claims adjudged against Jlexico under the conventions of 1839 and 1843. Furthermore, the United States assumed the payment of all claims, not exceeding in the aggregate .$3,250,000, held by citizens of the United States against Mexico, and which originated prior to the date of the treaty. On .Tuly 29, 1848, Congress passed an act providing for the payment of the claims already liquidated, andon March 3. 1849, a com- mission was created to pass upon claims against Mexico held by citizens of the United Stales. By this commission 182 claims were allowed and 70 were rejected. For a map illustrating the ces- sion, consult Channing, United Utatc/; of Amer- ica, page 135. GUADALUPE (ga'de-loop') MOUNTAINS. A mountain range between the Rio Grande and the Pecos River in Texas and New Mexico. It has a northwesterly trend, and may be considered as a southern continuation of the Rocky Moun- tains. The range has a maximum elevation of 5000 to 6000 feet above the sea.