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* GRUND. 319 GRUNDY. GRTJND, Frajnz Fuiedricii Alexander (1S14- 92). A (Jeinian engineer. He was born at Hein- richau, Silesia, and was educated at Breslau and Berlin. In 1854 he was appointed inspector of hydraulic engineering in the Rhine I'rovince, and iu 1802 he became advisory counselor in the Prussian Ministry. Among the hydraulic engi- neering works executed by him are those on the river Wupper and in Alsace-Lorraine. He also planned the Rhine-ileuse Canal, the harbors at Emmerich and Oberlahnstein (at the junction of the Lahn and Rliine rivers)^ and the extension of the harbor at Ruhrcrt, at the junction of the Ruhr and the Rhine. His memorial on the waterwaj-s of Alsace-Lorraine became the basis upon which the boundaries, as aft'ecting rivers, canals, and so on. were subsequently determined in the annexed provinces. GRUNDEMANN, groon'de-man, Reiniiold ( ISoO— ) . A German Protestant theologian, born in Rlirwald.. in the Xeuraark. Brandenburg. He studied at Tubingen. Halle, and Berlin, after which he occupied himself with pastoral duties from ISCl until 1865., when he devoted himself to the study of missions in England, Holland, and North America, concerning himself especially with their geographical aspects. As the result of his labors, he published Allgcmcincr Missions- atlas (18G7-71, 1872, with maps), an amplifica- tion of his previous Missionsiccllkartc (3d ed. 1886). In 1869 he was made pastor in Miirz, near Belzig. His works include: Biofjraphie des Missioniirs J. F. Itiedel (1873) ; Die Entimcke- lung der cvangclisclien Mission (1878-88); and Missions-Stiidien und Kritiken in Verbindung mit einer Eeise nach Indien (1894). GRtTNDTVIG, groont'vig, Nikol.m Frederik Severi.x (1783-1872). A Danish historian and poet. He was bora at Udby, Zealand, was edu- cated at Copenhagen, was appointed pastor of Praestd, Zealand, in 1821. and in 1822 became chaplain of the Church of the Saviour at Copen- hagen. He first attacked the ruling rationalism in his Kirkens Gjenmcele (1825), a work which aroused bitter controversy, and caused him to be deprived of ecclesiastical office from 1826 to 1839. In 1861 he was appointed bishop. He was a champion of religious and civic freedom, and advocated the severance of Church and State. His views led to the formation of a school which sought to secure many important reforms. In addition to his popular ballads, he wrote the Koif liefirch of Vcrdcns Kriinike i f<ani))iriilimifi (1812) ; translations of Saxo Grammaticus and Snorre Sturleson (1818-22) ; and man.v polemical essays. He became a leader of the Danish party in the Diet, and vigorously opposed German influ- ence. After 1866 he became more conciliatory toward Prussia. He is best known by his books on Xorthern Mythology and some volumes of jioetry. GRTJNDTVIG, Svend Heb,sleb ( 1824-83 ). A Danish pliilologist, born in Copenhagen, Septem- ber 9. 1824. son of the preceding. His early edu- cation was conducted wholly by his father, who disapproved of the prevailing methods in Den- mark at that time. The study of Greek, Danish, Old Norse, and English preceded that of Latin, and the father's enthusiasm for Danish ballads turned the son's attention at a very early age in that direction. Grundtvig's name is now es- pecially associated with the ballad literature of his native land. His first important publi- cation was a critical edition of Englisli and Scotch ballads (1842-46). In 1853 the first vol- ume of his Daninaiks gninlc Folki riser appeared, the fourth and last volume being puldished soon after his death in 1883. In 1882 he publislied a selection of these ballads in one volume. Grundtvig's position among Danish philologists is of the highest, in the same class with Rask and Madvig. In 1863 he was appointed doccnt iu Old Norse literature at the University of Copenhagen, and full professor in 1868. He died .July 14, 1883. GRUN'DY, Felix (1777-1840). An Ameri- can lawyer and politician, born in Berkeley Coun- ty, Va. In 1779 his father removed with his family to western Pennsylvania, and in the fol- lowing year to Kentucky, where Felix, one of seven brothers, was brought up amid the perils and privations of a frontier life. He was edu- cated at Dr. Priestly 's academy at Bardstown, and studied law. In 1799 he became a member of the Kentucky Legislature, where he met Henry Clay iu debate, but resigned in 1806 to accept an appointment as judge in the Supreme Court of Errors and Appeals. The next year he became Chief .Justice, but, owing to the insufficiency of the salaiy, resigned from the bench in 1808 and .settled in Nashville, Tenn., where he achieved a wide reputation as a criminal lawyer. In 1811 and 1813 he was elected, as a Democrat, to Con- gress, and in 1819 was a member of the Tennessee Legislature, where he successfully advocated the establishment of a State bank. In 1829 he w-as elected to the United States Senate^ to fill the unexpired term of James H. Eaton, who had entered Jackson's Cabinet as Secretary of War, and in 1832 was reelected for a full term. In the Senate he was chairman of the Judiciary Commit- tee, and was a strong advocate of most of Jackson's measures, although he maintained a somewhat neutral position in the Nullification controversy. He was a consistent opponent of Clay's 'American policy' and of the United States Bank. In September, 1838, he entered Van Buren's Cabinet as Attorney-General, but held office only until December, 1839, when he re- signed to enter the Senate again, serving therein until his death, which followed an electioneering tour in behalf of Van Buren's reelection in the fall of 1840. GRUNDY, SIRS. A very censorious person, to ^vhoin Dame Ashfield, in Morton's play of .S'/«'C(7 the Plough, often refers in the expression, '■What will Jlrs. Grundy say?" but who does not appear among the dramatis pcrsonw. Hence the name has come to denote that part of society whose opinions are considered with reference to any proposed act or course of conduct. GRUNDY, Stdnet (1848—). An English dramatist, born in JIanchester. He was educated at Owens College, and was called to the bar in 1869, but after 1872 devoted himself to the writing of plays and comic operas, ephemeral in character but of temporary iwpularity. such as: A Little Change (1872); In Honor Bound (1880); The Glass of Fashion (1883); A Pair of Speetaeles (1890) ; f^ou-ing the Wind (1893) ; A Buneh of Violets (1894); The fiilver Key (1897): The Degenerates (1899); and Froeks and Frills (1902).