Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/360

* GRUBB. 318 GRTJND. nomical observatories. At an early age he gave up business for engineering, and soon gained a high reputation as a maker of fine machinery and instruments, many of which were of his own invention. He also exhibited great skill as an optician, particularly in the construction and mounting of reflecting telescopes. He construct- ed the metallic speculum for the Melbourne Ob- servatory reflector, which had a diameter of four feet, and was used in making photographs of the moon. Grubb wa.s elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1864, the Royal Astronomical Society in 1S70, and was for many years a member of the Royal Irish Society. To the journals of these societies he contributed papers on astronomical instruments and optics. GRUBBER. See Cultivatob. GRtfBEL, gru'bel, Johaxs Konbad (1736- 1809 ). A German folk-poet, born at Nuremberg. He became known by his poems in the X'jrcm- berg dialect, which first api)eared under the title Gediclite in Xiirnherger Mundart (3 vols., 1802). These poems reflect the life of the old German city, and entitle Griibel to be ranked with such eminent dialect poets as Hebel, Groth. and others. Another volume entitled Korrespotidcnzen. iind Brtefe in y iirnberger Mund-art appeared in 1808. GRUBER, groo'ber, Johann Gottfbied (1774- 18.51). A German scholar, born at Xaumburg. He studied at Leipzig, was employed for some time in editorial work, and held professorships of philosophy at Wittenberg and Halle .successively. He was the author of a large number of works on historical and critical subjects. With Ersch, after the death of Hufeland, he edited the great Allgemcine Encyklopudie der ^yissenschaften vnd Kiinste. Among his independent publications are: Geschichte dcs menschlichen Geschlechts atis dem Gesichtspiinkte der Humanitiit (1806); Worterbuch der Aesfhetik, der schonen Kiinste, etc. (1810) ; and n'orterbuch der altklassischen Miltlwloqie (1810-15). He also edited Wieland"s l<(imtltciie ^yerke (.53 vols., 1818-28), to which he added a biography. GRTJB STREET. A London street, described by Dr. .Johnson as "originally the name of a street near Moorfields. much inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries, and temporary poems, whence any mean production is called Grub Street." Employed in a disparaging sense by Andrew ilarvell, it was frequently used by Pope, Swift, and other wits. The Grub Street Journal, which ended in 1737. was one of the most entertaining of the old newspapers, and con- tained contributions from the partisans of Pope attacking the Dunces. The locality is now termed Milton Stn'ct. GRTJ'GRTJ (native name). The grub or larva of Rhyiirophorufi palmnrum (called in the older works ('(thnidra pahnaruni) . an insect of the weevil family (Curculionidw), inhabiting Guiana, Cuba, Porto Rico, and other tropical parts of America. The perfect insect is an inch and a half long. The grub is an ugly, inactive creature of a whitish cream-color, as long and as thick as a man's thumb, and lives in the soft and spongy central part of the cabbage-palm (Euterpe ole- rneen). on which it feeds. It is extremely fat and oily, and is esteemed a great delicacy, not only by the Indians, but by many of the European colonists and their descendants, particularly the Dutch. It is cooked by roasting, and eaten with bread and butter, after being sprinkled with cayenne pcpjier. The fragrance of roasted grugru is said to be most tempting to epicures. A cab- bage-palm which has been cut down often be- comes in a short time almost filled with grugrus; but they are usually obtained from the upper part of the stem of gi'owing palms, near the crown. GRTJld, grCo'Ich, Sava ( 1840— ). A Servian statesman, born at Kolare. He was chief of the artillery division, under General Tchernayeff, in the Servian Army during the war with Tur- key in 1870. Upon the outbreak of the Russo- Turkish War of 1877, he was appointed Minister of War, and afterwards was sent to Bulgaria as the first diplomatic representative of Servia to that country. In 1877 he returned to Bel- grade, and thereafter was twice Minister of War and three times president of the Ministry. In 1900 he was made Servian Ambassador at Con- stantin(i]ile. GRTJMBKOW, groom'kS, Fbiedbich Wil- HELM vox {1078-1739). A Prussian soldier and statesman, born in Berlin. He served in the wars against France 'and enjoyed the favor of Fred- erick William I., who employed him in both military and administrative matters. As the head of tlio War Department of Prussia he increased and imi)roved the army, and in a civil capacity he introduced important tax reforms and consid- erably improved the administration of the mu- nicipalities. In Ills foreign policy he was not so fortunate, and his pro-Austrian leanings involved Prussia in numerous difliculties abroad. GRUMBLER, The. A comedy by Sir Charles Sedley, printed in 1702, but apparently not pro- duced until 1754, and adapted by Goldsmith in 1773 for Quick's benefit. It is an English version of Bruc^■s's he Grandeur. GRUM'BLETCNIANS. A term applied in sjveuteenth-century English politics to the Conn- try Party, which was also known as the Peti- tioners, and which constantly protested against the policy of the later Stuarts. GRUN, grijn, Anastasius. See Alteespebq, A. A. GRXJNBERG, gn.m'berK. Capital of the cir- cle of the same name in the Prussian Province of Silesia, situated on a tributary of the Oder, 32 miles northwest of Glogau (Map: Prussia, F 3). It lies amid vine-clad hills, and is noted chiefly for the sparkling wine which has been produced in its vicinity for centuries. Besides wine, there are produced cloth, varn, paper, brandy, ma- cliinerv, flour, etc. Population, in 1890, 16.002; in 1900, 20,983. GRUND, groont. Fr.^ncis .Jcseph (1805-63). An American author, born in Bohemia. He came to the United States in 1826, and in 1854 w^as sent abroad to represent the United States in consular and diplomatic positions. He con- tributed frequently to the press, and wrote a number of books, essays, and addresses, among them: Americans in Their ilorat. Religions, and Sorial Relations (1837) : Aristoeraey in Atnerica (1839) : Thnufihis and Reflections on the Present Position of Europe and Its Probable Consequences to the United States (1860); and a campaign Life of Gen. William Benry Harrison (1840), written in German.