Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/316

* GKEYHOtTND. 278 GRIBOYEDOFF. The triiijaroe' is a variety of the rough or longhaired borzoi, used in the Decian of India, and said to be the best hunting-dog in the East Indies. It is generally yellow or tan in color. Italian Greyhound. This is a fancy variety of the true greyhound in miniature, probably first bred as a toy or ladies' pet, which it has remained for many hundred years past. It is only need- ful to mention that dogs should not exceed 7 to 7% pounds in weight, and females 5 pounds, to indicate the necessity of daintiness in build, while symmetry of head and neck is essential to perfection. Color is a matter of individual taste ; they range from black through the blues to fawn, and even, though rarely, to all white. The last is the most esteemed color at present. The Italian greyhound must be looked at entirely from an artistic and not a utilitarian standpoint. They are prancing, dainty little liLxuries, and nothing more. Whippet. Tliis is the last development from a small greyliound crossed by the terrier. It was originally bred for rabbiting; but it developed such a propensity for racing that whippets are now mainly used for that sport. At the farther end of the proposed course the dogs' handler stands and shakes a rabbit-skin or cloth, which excites the dogs to a high pitch. They are then released, and will race to that point at a speed exceeding that of any other dog. The form of the grey- hound predominates in them: but their eagerness to contest and undying pluck are derived from their terrier blood. As a rule 1.5 pounds is taken as handicap weight. Consult authorities cited under Dog; and see Plate of Hunting and Watch Dogs. GREYLAG. See Goose. GREYXOCK, gra'lok. The highest mountain in Massachusetts, situated near the village of South Adams, Berkshire County (Map: Massa- chusetts, A 2). It is 3535 feet high, and com- mands a remarkably fine view, overlooking the valley of the Hoosac and its villages on the north, beyond which are visible the peaks of the Green Mountains and Jlounts Monadnock and Wachu- sett, and the Hudson River. On the south are the Berkshire Hills, and far away to the south- west, beyond the Hiulson. may be seen the Cat- skills. A large tract of the u])per part of the mountain has been purchased by the State for a park. GREY'MOTTTH. A seaport of Grey County, South Island, New Zealand, at the mouth of the Grey River, on the west coast, 105 miles north- west of Christchureh, and 190 miles south-south- west of Nelson (Map: New Zealand, C 5). It is connected with both of these towns by rail. It has fine harbor accommodation, with extensive wharfage, and is important as the centre of a considerable coal-mininEr and auriferous district. Population, in 1901, 3800, GREYSON, gnVzoN', EmLE (1823—). A Belgian novelist, bnrn at Brussels. In his youth he devoted himself to literary production, and one of his first novels was Fiatnma Colonna (1857). His other novels include: Les rccits d'vn Flarnand (1859); ^ites arilemwif! (1860- 62) ; Les maciots dc Tciers (1863) : and Aren- tvres en Flan'dre (1882). GREY'SON, R. E. H. A quasi-anagrammatic pseudonym of Henry Rogers. A GRIBBLE. a, adult ieopod (LimBO- riA ligDorvni): 6. apiece of wood perforated by its burrows. Greatly magni- lied; GREY'TOWN. See San Juan del Norte. GRIBBLE ( of obscure origin ; possibly con- nected with grabble, yropple, to grope, AS. grd,- piiti), to grasp, from yrip, grip, from gr'ipun, to grasp, or with yriib, Ger. yriihcln, to dig; connect- ed with Ger. yruben, AS. grafaii, to dig, Eng. graie, and probably Gk. ypdipav, yniphciii, to write I . A minute boring isopod (Limnoriu liyiio- rum ), which abounds upon the northern sea- coasts, and sometimes does serious damage by perforating pilcis and submerged woodwork, for the sake of feeding on the wood. Where present it is extremely numer- ous, and in America is most destructive in California. Chemical treatment of timber is recommended. GRIBEAUVAL, gre'bo'val', Jean Baptiste Vaquette de (1715-89), A French general, born at Amiens, and famous for the reforms lie in- augurated in the artillery system of his day. In 1732 he joined the Royal Artillery, and three years afterwards became an officer in the Engi- neer Corps, devoting himself especially to the study of mines, in which branch of the service he received his captain's rank in 1752. He was the author of a very valuable report to his Gov- ernment concerning the use of light artillery with bodies of infantry (a system then being inaugurated by the Prussian Army), together with a complete report concerning Prussian forti- fications. In 1757 he entered the Austrian ser- vice, serving during the Seven Years' War, in the course of which he directed the siege of Glatz, and held Scliweidnitz against Frederick II. of Prussia for two months. He was taken prisoner, out afterwards was exchanged, . and was made a lieutenant field-marshal. Upon his return to France he liegan to work for a com- plete system of reform in the French artillery service. He organized sejiarate corps of artillery for the coast defenses, permanent garrisons, and fortified works, together with mobile units for field service and heavier pieces for siege purposes. Previous to this artillery of varying calibre and design had been indiscriminately scattered throughout the army, 51uch of Napoleon's suc- cess as a tactician and strategist was due to the improvements and reforms rendered possible by Gribeauval, who not only svicceeded in reducing the weight and clumsiness of field artillery, and thus gave to it the mobility which so materially aided Napoleon, but, more important still, brought about a uniformity of design in manu- facture, together with many improvements in explosives and projectiles. See Artillery. GRIBOYEDOFF, gre'bo-yed'uf. Alexander SERofiYEViCH (17951829). A Russian dramatic poet and statesman, born at Mo.scow. His mother gave him the best obtainable education, prepar- ing him for a diplomatic career. By the time he entered Moscow t'niversity. he knew French. German. English. Italian, and had studied music both practically and theoretically. On leaving the university he entered military service when Napoleon invaded Russia, but never got to the