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* GREVILLE. 273 GREVY. of the council, a pusitiou he hehl till 1859. and by means of it became conversant with the plana and purposes, as well as with the men lliem- selves. of every Jlinistry of these forty years. As he was keen, honest, and unbiased, anil pos- sessed of a vigorous and interesting style, he waa qualified to record the events and life around him. He improved his opportunity by keeping a political diary or journal for a large portion of his life. These memoirs were placed in the hands of his friend, ilr. Henry Reeve, with the injunction to have them |)ublished at a not too distant date after his death. Acting on this re- eiuest. the diary for the reigns of George IV. and William IV., i8:20-37, was published in 1875, in three volumes. Later, other volumes, covering the years from the accession of Queen Victoria to 1800, were issued. The memoirs afford a valuable insight into the private views and motives of the leaders of English political life. Greville records not so much public events as the private causes which led to them : and perhaps no English memoir-writer has left behind him a more valuable contribution to the history of last century. Greville published anonymously, in 1845. a volume ou the policy of England toward Ireland, in which he advocated the payment of the Roman Catholic clergy; he was also the author of several pamphlets on the events of his day. A biographical notice by Henry Reeve may be found in the preface to his edition of the Grev- ille Memoirs (London, 1875) ; see also the Eng- lish Historical Review, January, 188G, and April, 1887. His works have been collected and edited under the title. Greville Memoirs: Journal of the Reigns of George IV., William IV., and Queen Victoria (8 vols., London, 189G). GREVELLE, Sir Fulke, first Lord Bkooke (1554-1028). An English poet and courtier, born at Beauchamp Court, Warwickshire. He entered Shrewsbury School in 1564 on the same day with Sir Philip Sidney, and an intimacy grew up which remained unbroken until Sidney's death. Though he matriculated at Jesus College. Cam- bridge (150S). while Sidney went to 0.ford. the two kept in constant communication, and in 1577 they went together to the Court of Queen Elizabeth, where Greville at once found great favor. He made several visits to the Continent, where he met many men of distinction. He saw some ser'ice in Xormandy under Henry IV. about 1591. was four times a member of Par- liament between 1592 to 1020: became Treas- urer of the Navy in 1598, and in 1603 was con- firmed for life as Secretary for Wales, to which position he had originally been appointed in 1583. On the accession of James I. Greville was made a Knight of the Bath. From 1014 to 1621 he was Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was made Baron Brooke in 1021, but his political activity as a peer was limited to service in the covmcil of W'nT in 1624 and membership in a few com- mittees. He was stabbed by an old servant. one of the witnesses of his will, to whom he had not left a legacy, and died September 30. 1028. Of Lord Brooke's literary work little appeared during his lifetime except a few scattered poems and The Trariedie of Mustnpha (1609). the text of which was subsequently al- tered. The bulk of his poetical work was pub- lished in 1633, a single folio containing A Treatie of Humane Learning; An Inquisition I iion Fame and Honour ; and A Treatie of II (dies', together with an improved text of The Tvagedie of M uslajiha; The Tragcdie of .luham; and Culica, the last a collection of so-called 'son- nets,' which, lioweverj were not written in the sonnet form. His longest work, The Life of the Renoaned .Sir I'liilip iSidney, in j)rose, which was as nuich autobiography as biography, with inter- esting and original views on polities, a|)pearod in 1052. All of his metrical writings, save his 'sonnets,' were written in a close, subtle style, and his subjects were not well adapted to poetic expression; and all tendencies toward fanciful grace are lost in the philosophy and argumenta- tiveness that characterize his versified tracts. His extant works, in four volumes, were reprinted in the 'Fuller Worthies Library," edited by Grosart (1870). GRJEVILLE, gra'vel', He.nry (1842-1902). Pseudonym of Alice ilarie Celeste Durand. A French novelist ;'nd very popular purveyor of emotional sensationalism. She was born in Paris. Of her many volumes, those of Russian life are best. Of these ffonia (1877) and Dosia (1870), both reprinted in America, are sufficiently typi- cal. Her literary career began in Russia with stories and sketches contributed to the Journal de Pciershourg (1808-72). but when her husband lost his professorship in the law school there she returned to Paris. In 1880 she lectured in the United States on French and Russian literature, and embodied parts of her experience in Frank- leg (1887), a mediocre novel. She wrote also dramas, and several times revisited America. GRE'VIL'LEA (Xeo-Lat., named in honor of the English botanist Robert Kaye Greville I . A genus of about 150 species of Australian trees and shrubs, -which belong to the natural order Proteacea>. Some species are of consider- able economic importance. One of the most common and important is the silk-oak iGre- ri'lea ruhusia). a tree of rapid growth, which at- tains a height of 150 feet or more. Since it resists drought remarkably, it is of value for desert cultivation. The wood is elastic and dura- ble, and is especially valued for barrel-staves. In every country where this tree has been introduced it is highly esteemed. It is hardy in California, where it is valued as a shade-tree in the vicinity of San Francisco. It is easily grown from seed to some extent in hothouses on account of its graceful fern-like foliage. For decorative pur- poses it is used only wliile young. The timber of GreviUea linearis is harder and closer-grained, and since it takes a good polish, is extensively used for furniture, cabinet, and fancy work. GREVY, gra'vj', Albert (1824-99). A French statesman, bom at Jlont-sous-Vaudrey (Jura), the brother of Jules Grevy, President of France. He studied law and became president of the Cor- poration of Barristers at Besancon. In 1871 he represented the Department of Doubs in the National Assembly, was vice-president of the Chamber, was civil and military Governor of Al- geria (1879), and was elected Life Senator in ISSl. GREVY, .Ti-LES (1807-91). A President of the French Republic. He was born August 15. 1807. at llont-sous-Vaudrey (Jura), of an old and respected familv. After receiving a good classical education. Grevv came to Paris to study law. . While still a student he took part in the