Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/305

* GRENADIER GUARDS. 260 GRENVILLE. first, second, ami tliiid battalions, and takes seniority of all other infantry regiments, whether of guard or line. It was organized in IGOO under the title of the First Foot tiuards. See Gren- ade; Grenadier. GRENADIERS, The (Ger. Die Grenadiere). A famous poem by Heine, celebrating the devotion of Napoleons soldiers. It is the conversation of two grenadiers returning to France after the dis- astrous Russian campaign of 1812. It has been set to music by Schumann. GRENADINES, gren'a-denz'. A chain of islets belonging to the Windward group of the West Indies, situated between Grenada and Saint Vincent (Map: West Indies, R 8). They num- ber about thirtj' and cover an area of 18 square miles. The population was 6497 in 1901, of whom the larger part was found on the chief island of Carriacou, an administrative depend- encj" of Grenada. The rest of the group belong to Saint Vincent. GRENELLE, gre-nel'. A southwestern quar- ter of Paris, and an important junction on the Circular Railway, with branches to the Champs de Mars and to Les Moulineaux. The embank- 7nent conmiands a splendid view of the city. Crenelle is famous for its artesian well. GREN'EELL, Francis Wallace, Baron Hel- VET (1841 — ). An English soldier, born in Lon- don. He entered the army (Sixtieth Rifles) in 1859; was commissioned captain in 1871 and major in 1878, during which year he served in the Kafliir A'ar as deputy assistant adjutant and quartei-master-general at headquarters. In the Zulu War of 1879 he was deputy assistant adju- tant-general at headquarters, and also took part in the action at Ulundi. In the Boer W'ar of 1881 he was assistant quartermaster-general under the command of Sir Eveh-n Wood. During the Egyptian War of 1882 he was assistant adju- tant and qviartermaster-general on the headquar- ters staff, and fought at Tel-el-Kebir : in 1884 accompanied the Nile Expedition; was Sirdar of the Egyptian Army from 1885 to 1892; directed the operations near Suakim in 1888; and com- manded the British and Eg^'ptian troops at Toski (1889). He was appointed deputy adjutant-gen- eral for militia, veomanrv, and volunteers in 1892; from 1894 to 1897 was at the War Office as inspector-general of auxiliary forces; and in 1897-98 commanded in Egypt. He became Gov- ernor-Cieneral and Commander-in-Chief of Malta in 1899. By successive promotions he attained the rank of lieutenant-general. GRENFELL, George (1849—). An English missionary' and explorer, born in Lancreed. Corn- wall. In 1874 he went as a Baptist missionary to Kamerun in Equatorial West Africa, estab- lished the Victoria station at the foot of the Kamerun Mountains, and explored the surround- ing country in company with Comber. His later investigations of the Congo Basin greatly modi- fied the views held on the hydrography of that region. He explored the Ubangi (Mobangi) River, the greatest tributary of the Congo, in 1885. He also explored the Mongalla and Aru- wimi rivers, which flow into the Congo from the north, and the southern tributaries. Chuapa, Lulongo, and Lomami. He rendered an impor- tant service in 1891-92 as a delegate of the Congo Free State in negotiating a boundary line with Angola, on the Kuangu River. GRENOBLE, gre-nS'bl' (Lat. Gratianopolis, City of GratianJ. The capital of the Depart- ment of Is6re, France, and a fortress of the Hrst class, on the Is&re, 81 miles from Lj-ons by rail (Map: France, MO). It is surrounded by high mountains and divided bj- the river, which is here c(jnfined within handsome quays, into two unequiil portions: the ancient quarter on the right bank is small and uninteresting, wliile the modern portion on the opposite bank lias a num- ber of fine streets and squares. Among the chief public buildings are the Palais de Justice, in Re- naissance style, built in the fifteenth century; the cathedral, dating from the eleventh, twelfvli. and sixteenth centuries; and the museum with an ex- tensive gallery of ancient and modern paintings and a library of over 170,000 volumes and 7000 manuscripts. The University of Grenoble, founded in 1339, has three faculties and over 500 students; there arc also a theological seminary and military and art schools. The chief industrial products are gloves, leather, silk, liquors, and cement. Population, in 1901, 59,474. Grenoble, originally the Cularo of the Allobroges, was fortified by Gratian in the fourth century, and became Bur- gundian in the following century. Later it was the capital of Dauphine until 1453. GREN'VILLE, George (1712-70). An Eng- lish statesman, brother of Richard Grenville, Lord Temple, and brother-in-law of the Earl of Chat- ham. Educated at Eton and Christ Church Col- lege, Oxford, and admitted to the bar in 1735, he abandoned the law to enter Parliament in 1741, and from 1744 to 1762 filled various Gov- ernment ortiees. In 1757 he secured the passage of a bill for the regulation of the payment of the navy. Five years later he became Secretary of State for the Northern Department, and in the following year succeeded Lord Bute as Prime ^Minister, uniting in himself the olBces of Chan- cellor of the Exchequer and First Lord of the Treasury. He is best known from his connection with the Stamp Act and the famous Wilkes" case. He advocated the passage of the Stamp Act, and opposed its repeal. He favored the prosecution of Wilkes, but later opposed his expulsion from the House of Commons. He was forced in 1765 to resign the Premiership, and died five years thereafter without again holding important office. Grenville was distinguished for eloquence, public spirit, bvisiness qualities, and extensive knowl- edge; but his imperious nature made him an un- popular Minister, alike with the King, the Parlia- ment, and the people. For an account of his life, consult: The Grenville Papers (London, 1852-53) ; Chatham, Correspondence (London, 1838-40) ; Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of George II. (London, 1847) ; Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of George III. (London. 1859) ; also Lecky. Bis- iorif of England, ii.. 458 f. (New York, 1891) ; IMacaulay, Essai/s (New York, 1860). GRENVILLE, George, Viscount Lansdowne. See Granville. GRENVILLE, or GREYNVILE, Sir Rich- ard (?1541-91). An English naval officer. As a young man he served with distinction against the Turks, under the Emperor Maximilian II, Upon returning to England he became interested in file exploration of the New World, and in 1585 commanded a fleet of seven ships, which, under the patronage of his cousin. Sir Walter Ralegh, sailed to found a colony in Virginia. The fol-