Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/304

* GREIZ. 268 GRENADIER GXJARDS. The sunimeT residence of the Prince stands in a large and beautiful park surrounded by wooded mountains, and the environs abound in romantic scenery. The town has a gymnasium, a 'real' gj'mnasium. and a seminary. It owns its water- works, a gas and an electric plant, and a savings bank. Grciz is the scat of a highly deyeloped textile industry, employing in the ncigliborhood of 10,000 people. The chief manufactures are dress-goods, Avoolens, shawls, quilts, etc. There are also a number of tanneries, cigar-factories, paper-mills, iron-foundries, machine-shops, etc. Population, in l.SOO. 20.141; in 1900, 22,346; nearly all Protestants. GRELL, grel, Augu.st Eduakd (1800-80). A Gennan organist, born in Berlin. He was the pupil of Kaufmann. Ritschl, and Zelter. He entered the Singakademie in 1817, and was di- rector of it for twenty years. He was Court organist and teacher of the cathedral choir, and teacher of composition at the Academy. His com- positions are vocal, and usually sacred. Among them is an oratorio. Die Israelitcn in der Wiisie : a mass in sixteen parts, which has been given re- peatedly in Europe and the United States; a four-part arrangement of the choral melodies of the Evangelical (lc.t<in<ibuch ; organ preludes, motets, cantatas, and hymns. GRELLET', Stephen (originally Etienne de Gkellet DE JLBiLLiER) (1773-1S55). A Quaker missionary and philanthropist, born in Limoges, France, of a wealthy and noble family. He was originally a Roman Catholic, and was educated at the military college at Lyons. At the time of the Revolution he belonged to the bodyguard of Louis XVI. After the execution of the King he escaped and came to America. In 1795 he joined the Society of Friends. During the yellow-fever epidemic in Philadelphia, in 1798, he was imtir- ing in his attentions to the sick and the dying. A little later he engaged successfully in business in Ne* York, and after 1800 traveled as a mission- ary over much of the United States and Canada, and made two missionary tours in Europe, per- sonally addressing the Czar and the Pope on the subject of religion. He died in Burlington, N. J. Consult Seebohm (editor). The Life and Gospel Labours of Stephen GrcUet (3d ed., London, 1802). GRETVnO, Bianca's rich but aged suitor, in Shakespeare's Turning of the fllireir. GRENADA, gre-na'da. A British island and colony, in the Windward group of the West Indies, situated northwest of Trinidad (Map: West Indies, R 8). Area, 133 square miles. The island is of volcanic origin, and contains several extinct craters and hot mineral and sulphur springs. In the centre rises a moun- tain ridge, with peaks about 3000 feet high, and outlying spurs interspersed with beautiful and fertile vallej^s. The picturesque coast is indented by fine bays and harbors. The island is well watered by numerous small streams, and the aimual precipitation is excessive, sometimes amounting to 200 inches. One of the natural features of the island is the Grand Etang, a round lake two miles in circuit, 1800 feet above the sea ; sanatoriums are established on its shores. Agriculture constitutes the chief occupa- tion, and the area under cultivation exceeds 20,000 acres, mostly under cacao. The cultiva- tion of sugar-cane was formerly the chief indus- try, but since the emancipation of the slaves and the division of the land into small holdinga sugar has been almost completely replaced by cacao and spices. The aimual commerce exceeds $2,500,000. The administration of the island is vested in a Governor and a legislative council of thirteen members, six oflicially nominated by the Governor and seven unoflicially nominated by the CroTi. Carriacou. the cliief island of the Gren- adines (q.v. ), is an administrative dependency of Grenada. The capital. Saint George, the head- quarters of the Government of the Windward Islands, situated on a strongly fortified bay on the southwest coast, has a line harbor, capable of accommodating the largest vessels, and is an Imperial coaling station. Population of island, in 1901, 63,438, mostly colored. Gre- nada was discovered by Columbus in 1498, and was .settled by the French in 1050-51. The commercial development of the island dates from 1714. when the French West India Company took ii]) its exploitation. In 1762 Grenada was captured by the British, from whom it was re- taken by the French in 1779, but restored ia 1783. Consult The Grenada Handbook (London, 1898) ; also the authorities referred to under Briti.sii ^'est Indie.s. GRENADE (Fr. grenade, from Sp., Port, granadu, grenade, pomegranate, from Lat. gra- natus, filled with grains, from granum, seed; ultimately connected with AS., Eng. corn ) . A small explosive .shell, thrown from the hand. They were formerly in general military use, and were regarded as being particularly effective when tlirown among troops making an assault. They luive lieeii long obsolete. See Grenabier. GRENADIER. Originally a soldier detailed and equipped for the throwing of liand grenades. They were tall men, selected because of special qualifications for the purpose; afterwards sep- arate companies of grenadiers were formed, in France about 1670, and in England soon after- wards. The flank company or companies of every infantry regiment, because of their superior height, were known as grenadier companies. The grenadier rcgimcnt.s of modern European armies belong in every instance to royal household troops or select guard corps. See Grenade. GRENADIER. A book name for a large fam- ily of pelagic fishes. Jlacruridie, allied to the cods, which inhabit the dee|) parts of the ocean, and often present extraordinary shapes. They are frequently called 'onion-fishes' by the fisher- men, or 'popeyes,' on account of the size and shape of their eyes, which are large and promi- nent, as is usual among deep-sea animals. They occur frequently in the Western Atlantic, and sometimes in forms that are edible. They are known to fishermen through their proclivity for stealing bait and making off with trawl-line hooks. The species best known to the fisher- man and the largest is 3Iaci-urus rupestris. called 'rat-tail fish.' as well as 'onion-fish.' This form abounds off the North Atlantic coast, and reaches a length of three feet, and a weight of four or five pounds. Prominent genera are Bathygadus, Steindachneria, Chalinura, Cnryphtenoides. Hy- menocephalus. !Macrurus, Coelorhynchus. and Lionurus. See Plate of ConFiSH ANn Allie.s. GRENADIER GUARDS. Certain regiments of foot sruards in Eurniiean armies. In England the regiment of Grenadier Guards consists of the