Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/291

* GREENSBURG. 255 GREENVILLE. of natural gas. There are large stone-quarries, Hour-mills, and carriaj;e and chair factories. The city has a beautiful parlc, and the Stale Odd Fellows' Home. The government is admin- istered by a mayor, chasen every four years, and a unicameral council. Population, in 1890, 3596; in 1900, 5034. GREENSBURG. A borough and the county- seat of Westmoreland County, Pa., 31 miles east by south of Pittsburg; on the Pennsylvania Rail- road (Map: Pennsylvania. B 3). It has an ex- tensive trade in coal which is mined in the vicinity, and manufactures glass, iron, and brass goods, engines, nuts and bolts, lumber, briclis, flour, etc. There are several private institutions for secondary education. Near Grecnsburg stood the village of Hanna's Town, which was destroyed by the Indians in July, 1782, and in which, it is said, was held in 1773 the first regularly con- stituted court of justice west of the Alleghanv Mountains. Population, in 1890, 4202; in 1900, C50S. GREENSHANKS. A widely distributed 'tell- tale' sandpiper (Totaniis nebulariiis) of the Old World, which visits Great Britain and Southern Europe in winter, and offers sport for gunners during its migrations. It is related to. and is about the size of. the American yellowlegs. but differs in coloration. The plumage is mostly duslcy brown on the upper parts, the feathers edged with yellowish white; the under parts are white, and the legs dull olive, 'green' only by contrast with the pinkish tint of those of the redshanks (q.v. ). It is graceful in flight, and adds interesting traits of its own to the general behavior of its race. It breeds in Northern Scot- laud, in Scandinavia, and Siberia; and in winter many go to South Africa and even to Australia. The 'green sandpiper' of England is a quite dif- ferent bird (Trinya ochropus). GREEN SICKNESS. See Chlorosis. GREENSLEEVES. An old English ballad, first printed in 1580 as "A New Northern Dittye of the Lady Greene Sleeves," though the ballad was popular before that time. It appeared in A Haiideftill of Flensant Delites, 1584, as "A New Courtly Sonet of the Lady Greensleeves, to the new tune of Greensleeves." The lively tune, the air of 'Christmas comes but once a year,' has been popular since the time of Elizabeth. Shake- speare mentions it twice in The Merry Wires of Windsor. The words are found in Child's Eng- lish and Scottish linllads, and the tune in Chap- pell's Old Enrilish Popular Music (1893). GREEN SNAKE. A name given to several serpents prevailingly green, and including some poisonous Oriental species. The green snake of the United States, however, is a harmless and beautiful colubrine (Liopeltis lyernalis). It is small, extremely slender, and in color grass-green above, lighter on the sides, and yellowish white beneath. It feeds upon insects, is agile in climb- ing, and often festoons itself upon the branches of a bush, where it is almost invisible among the leaves. GREENS'POND. A port of entry on a bar- ren island of the same name in the north of Bonavista Bay, on the east coast of Newfound- land. It has a safe harbor and is an important sealing station. Population, in 1901, 1358. GREENSTONE. A term loosely applied to rocks of basic composition which have a greenish color ilue to the abundance of the lioriil)lende wliiili they contain. Most greenstones are diorite I q.v.) or altered diabase. The terra 'greenstone' is obsolescent, and is used cliielly to describe col- lectively rocks which have not been carefully studied. GREEN'S TTJ QTJOQUE, OR THE CITIE GALLANT. An extremely clever comedy, by Joliii L'ouke (1U14). The name was due to the comedian Green, who took the part of Bubble. GREEN STURGEON. See Sturgeon. GREEN THURSDAY (Lat. dies viridium). The Tliursday iireceding Good Friday; called also Maundy Tliursday. The name first came into use about 1200, and its origin is variously referred to the Twenty-third Psalm, the usual selection for the day, and to the custom of partaking of spring herbs on that day. Green Tliursday was made a Christian feast day toward the end of the seventh century to commemorate the insti- tution of the Lord's Supper. GREEN TURTLE. A large, vegetable-feed- ing marine turtle {Chcloiiia nii/das), which occa- sionally makes its way as far north as Long Island Sound. It feeds on the eel-grass (Zos- tera) . This is the turtle of turtle-soup fame, and may attain a weight of 350 pounds. The flesh of the Pacific form, at proper seasons, is said to be superior to that of the Atlantic species. The eggs are prized for food. They are buried in the sand along the shores of the islands of the South Atlantic. The turtles are captured while ashore at niglit laying the eggs, or more often are taken in nets, and sometimes they are speared when swimming, and are transported alive to the Northern markets. See Turtle. GREENUK. See G.zelle. GREEN VAULT (C^r. Griines Geuolbe). A section of the Royal Palace at Dresden, so called from the color of the walls of one of its apartments, the 'Green Vault.' properly so called. It contains a valuable collection of artistic curi- osities, particularly of the seventeenth and eigh- teenth centuries, comprising ivory and crystal carvings, goldsmith's work, jewels, mosaics, en- amels, and weapons. Among its chief treasures are the largest onyx in the world, and a carving by Dinglinger representing the Court of the Great Mogul Aurungzelje in 132 figures of gold. GREEN'VILLE. A city and the county-seat of Butler County, Ala., 44 miles southwest of Montgomery : on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad (ilap: Alabama, C 4). It has cotton- gins, lumbcr-niills. and a, red-cedar factory, and is a market of considerable importance for lumber and cotton. Population, ill 1890. 2800; in 1900, 31ti2. GREENVILLE. A city and the county-seat of Bond County, 111., 50 miles east by north of Saint Louis, Mo. ; on the Vandalia Line and other railroads (Map: Illinois, C 5). It has a public library, and is the seat of Greenville College ( Free Methodist), opened in 1892. The city is the centre of an agricultural and coal-mining region, and manufactures lumber, flour, bricks, wagons, condensed milk, etc. Population, iii 1890. 1868: in 1900. 2.504. GREENVILLE, A city in Montcalm CoTinty, Mich., 40 miles northeast of Grand Rapids; on