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* GKEEN. 248 GREEN. spent some years in Europe engaged in various business enterprises. In 1844 he returned tu the United States and established a short-lived news- paper, the Rciniblic, in New York City. He was twiee sent on special diplomatic missions to Me.ico. In his later years he was active in the industrial develo[inient of the South, was largely interested in railroads in Georgia, and was one of the founders of the town of Dalton. in that State, where he died. Considerable information concerning him may be found in Benton, Thirty YctM's^ yieic. GBEEN, George (171(3-1841). An English matheniatician, born at Sneinton. He was edu- cated at Cambridge, and devoted himself largely to original research in mathematics, as the fruit of which he read the following papers before the Cambridge Philosopliical Society: Essay on ihe Apjili'-ation of Mathematical Analysis to lite Thiories of Electricity and Magnetism (1828), in which, for the first time, he uses the now well-known scientific term 'potential'; On the Ixeflecfion and Refraction of Light at the Com- mon Surface of Two yon-Crystallized Media (1837); On the Reflection and Refraction of fc'oHfirf (1837) ; and On the Propagation of Light in Crystalline Media (1833). .lthough he held no university position and died at the early age of forty-seven, he contributed greatly to the progress of the science of mathematics, of which he Mas one of the foremost rejjresentatives of his day in England. GREEN. .Tacod (1722-9C). An American patriot, born at ]lalden. Mass. He graduated at Harvard in 1744. entered the Presbyterian min- istry in 1745, and became pastor of a church of that denomination at Jlorristown, N. J. In 1757 he was elected to the presidency of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). In 1775 he was sent as a delegate to the New Jersey Provincial Congress, and was chairman of the committee appointed to draught a State Constitu- tion. A series of articles by him on the question of the depreciation of paper money was widely read at the time, and his plan therein suggested for the redemption of the Continental currency was similar to that later followed by Congress. He further published two volumes of lUermons (17GS, 1769). and other works. GREEN, .John Ricii.xrd (18.'37-S3). An Eng- lish historian. His education, except some two or three years of private instruction, was received in his native city. Oxford, at Magdalen College School, and at Jesus College, where he graduated in 1859. His interests were historical rather than scholastic. Religious, and raised in Tory and High Church principles, he took orders in 1800, and for the next five years lived in East London. In ISiiti he became Vicar of Saint Stephen's. Stepney. His health failing, and his inclination to a clerical life abating, he resigned in 1809 to become librarian at Lambeth, devoting himself henceforth to history and politics. His first important historical work. ^4 Short Tlistory of the English People, was the outcome of his desire to leave behind him some of hi's acciui'ulation= of knowledge in a form easily available to ordinary- people. He rewrote it twice, and was only persuaded to publish it in 1874. Its object, as the title suggests, was to give the storv of social development of the con- ditions which affected the lives of the great mass of tho people, in preference to mere dynastic or military clironicles. bile it is not infallible in detail, its great merit is the attractive vividness with which it presents one picture after another of the past. It had a great and immediate suc- cess, and was ultimately expanded, still ket>ping the same point of view, into the four-volume History of the JJnylish Pcoplc{ 1877-80), in which ho received much a.ssistance from his wife, Alice, daughter of Archdeacon Stopford, whom he mar- ried in 1877. A visit to Egypt in 1881 aggra- vated his lung trouble, and made labor very diXi- cult for the rest of his life. His courage, how- ever, enabled him to persist in the writing of another work of a less popular and more schol- arly nature. The Making of England (1882), which came down to the consolidation of the kingdoms under Egbert. The materials for the subsequent volume. The Conquest of England, dowTi to the coming of tho Normans, were so far put together that his widow was enabled to publish it in the year of his death, 1883. His Stray Studies in England and Italy (1870) was a collection of essays marked by notable historical insight. In spite of his ill healtli, the brilliancy ci his conversation and the breadth of his sym- ]iathy gave him a marked inlluence, especially among the historical students of his generation. GREEN, .Joseph ( 1700-80). xV humorous verse- writer of the Eevnlutionaiy period in America, born in Boston and educated at Harvard. He was banished for his loyalist ."iympathies, but he re- turned to the popular side, and his pen spared neither party in such works as The Wonderful Lament of Old Mr. Tenor (1744), and Poems and Satires (1780). GBEEN, ilAKY AxxE Everett (1818-95). A minor English historian, who wrote under her maiden name. Wood. She was born at Sheflield. Educated at home and in the British Museum, she was an industrious compiler, editor, and biog- rapher, conscientious in original research ; wrote fur the reviews; and made exhaustive calendars of Stiite papers. In 1845 Miss Wood married an artist, George P.vcock Green, in London, but continued her work in the Public Record Office for forty years. Her Lives of the Prineesscs of England was published in six volumes (1849-55). She edited the letters and diaries of many distinguished persons, and was herself highly esteemed as a linguist, antiquary, and philan- thropist. GREEN, Seth (1817-88). An American pisci- culturist. He was born in Rochester, N. Y. Be- ginning at twenty years of age, he devoted his life to tho artificial propagation of fish and the breeding of the better kinds for .stocking lakes and streams. After many experiments he suc- ceeded in hatching enormous numbers from the spawn of shad, trout, and other species, with which he stocked the Connecticut, the Hudson, the Potomac, the Susquehanna, and many other streams. He also introduced shad into Pacific coast w.aters. He w-as for many years superin- tendent of fisheries of New York. He received several medals from France, and other honors, and was the author of Trout Culture (1870), and Fish notching and Fish Catching (1879). GREEN, Thomas Htm, (1830-82). . Eng- lish philosopher, born in Birkin. Y'orkshire. He was educated at Riicby and Oxford, was elected fellow of Balliol College in 1800, tutor there in