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* GREAT BRITAIN. 195 GREAT BRITAIN. 1877-80), is especially good for the social condi- tions of the times; also Pcaisou, llislory of Eng- land During the Eu)ly Middle Ages (2 vols., Lou- don, 1807 ). Legal history is treated in the monu- mental work of I'ollock and Maitland, llislory of English Law (2 vols., Cambridge, 1895) ; also Keevts, History of English Law, edited by Kinla- son (3 vols.. London. lSG!t|. Un the army and navy in Kngland during the Middle Ages, Kiihler, Die Enttrickclung des Kriegsn:esen von dcr Mitte dcs 11. Jiihrhnnderis (3 vols., Breslau, 1880-89) ; Oman, History of the Art of War (Ijondon, 1898). The fullest account of the English Church is in Jlakower, Die Verfassung der Kirchc von England (Berlin, 1874), translated (London, 1895) ; a more popular account is to be found in the series edited by Stephens and Hunt, A History of the English Church (London, 1899- 1902). I'^or municipal history the best account is Gross, Gild Merchant (2 vols., Oxford, 1890). For limited periods or special, topics the follow- ing are useful: On the Anglo-Saxons, Kemble, The .S'ojods in England (2 vols., London, 1842) ; luore popular is Green, The Malcing of England' (2d ed., 2 vols., London, 1897) ; Freeman, History of the Norman Conquest (0 vols., Oxford, 1807- 79) : Norgate. England Under the Angevin Kings (2 vols.. London, 1887) : Round, Eeudal England (London, 1895) ; Pauli, Simon con Montfort (Tubingen, 1807): Prothero, Life of Simon of Montfort (London, 1877) ; Gasquet, The Great Pestilence, lSJiS-Ji9 (London, 1893) ; Pearson, English Histori/ in the Fourteenth Century (Lon- don, 1870) ; Wallon, Jiichard II. (2 vols., Paris, 1864) ; Ramsay, Lancaster and York. l.}0!)-l.'iS5 (2 vols., Oxford, 1892) : Wvlie, History of Eng- land Under Henry IV. (4 vol's., London, 1884-98) ; Lodge, "The Last Plantagenet," in Scribner's Maga::inc. vol. xxi., ])]). 232-48 (New York, 1897) ; Gairdner, Introduction to the Paston Let- ters (London, 1872-75). F'or a moi-e extensive bibliography for English history down to 1485, consult the excellent work of Gross, Sources and Literature of English History to l.'iSS (New York, 1900). From 1485 to 1088. Of the sources only the great collections can here be cited. The Calendar of State Papers, embracing all State documents, home and foreign, now extends from 1509 to 1085. Cobbetfs Parlianientnry History (London, 1806), continued by Hansard's Parliamentary Debates to the present day, contains all Parliamentary proceedings. Consult also the official Journals of the House of Lords (London, 1577 to the pres- ent day), and of the Commons (beginning 1547) ; Statutes of the Realm (Record Commission, 1810- 22); the Pablications of the Camden Society. Gardiner'': Constifntional Documents of the Puri- tan Rcrolution (Oxford. 1889). The whole period is covered by such genei'al works as Green (see above) ; Lingard, History of England from the First Invasion, by the Romans (London, 1825- 31), written from the Catholic standpoint. Lat- est research, however, is best found in the spe- cial work like Busch, England Under the Tudor.i, English translation by Todd (London, 1895) ; Gardiner, History of the Great Civil War. lG'i2- 16.'i9 (London and New York, 1894) : id.. History of the Commonwealth and Protectorate (New York, 1901), careful and scholarly. Consult also von Ranke's masterly work. History of Eng- land. Principally in the IJth Century (Oxford. 1875), for this and the succeeding period; Stern, "Geschichte der Revolution in Kngland," in Onck- en's Allgemeine Geschichte (Berlin, 1881); Carlyle, Letters and Speeches of Cromwell (Lon- don, 1845). For the economic development, con- sult: Cunningham, tlroath of English History and Commerce (Cambridge, 1892) ; Traill, Social England (New York, 1895-97) ; Rogers, Six Cen- turies of Work and Wages (New York, 1884). Among the many constitutional histories, it is sufficient to cite Gneist, History of the English Constitution (Boston, 1898); llallam, Constitu- tional History of Engleind from the Accession of Henry VII. to the Death of George II. (London, 1887) ; Taylor, Origin and Growth of the English Constitution (Boston, 1898). From 1088 to the Presext Time. For the entire eighteenth and the early nineteenth cen- tury, the private correspondence and memoirs of prominent men are important; e.g. the titles cited inidcr the names of the kings (as William III,, George III.) and statesanen (e.g. Fox, Dis- raeli). Among modern authorities are Stanhope, History of the Reign of Queen Anne (London, 1870) ; id.. History of Englaiul, ni.3-S3 (London, 1851-54) ; Leek}', History of England in the Eigh- teenth Centun/ (London, 1878-90); Macaulav, History of England (New York, 1856-62) ; Mas- sey. History of England During the Reign of George III. (London, 1855-03) ; McCarthy, His- tory of the F'ozir Georges (London, 1885-90); Walpoie, History of England from the Conclusion of the Great War in Z8/.5 (Ixindon, 1878-80); Martineau, History of England, Ifll6-Ji6 (London, 1849) ; Pauli, Geschichte Englands seit der Frie- densschliisse von 181 ff und 181.^ (Leipzig, 1804) ; Jlav, Constitutional Histon/ of England (New Y'ork, 1805). Phy.sic.^l Featukes. Hull, Contributions to the Physical History of the Ilritish Isles (Lon- don, 1882) ; Anderson, The Hook of British To- pography (ib., ISSl; Supplements, 1880, 1891); Jukes-Brown, The Building of the British Islands (ib., 1888) ; Haughton, Descriptire, Physical, In- dustrial, and Historical Geoqraphy of Enqland and Wales (ib., 1893); Ramsay, Physical Geog- raphy and Geology of Great Britain and Ireland, ed. by Woodward' ( ib., 1894) ; Geikie, The Rivers of Great Britain (ib., 1897); .lohnstone. Min- eral (Jeologt/ (Edinburgh, 1897); Fontane, Aus England and Schottland (Berlin. 1900); Mac- kinder. Britain and British Seas (London. 1901) : CasselVs Gazetteer (6 vols., ib., 1893-98) ; the Reports of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom (London, current) ; and the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society (London, cur- rent ) . Mineral Resources. Galloway, History of Coal Minimi in Great Britain (London, 1882) ; Hunt, British Mining (ib.. 1884): Bovd. Coal Pits and Pitmen (ib., 1895) ; Hull. The Coal- Fields of Great Britain (ib., 1882) : id.. Our Coal Reserves at the Close of the Nineteenth Century (ib., 1897) ; Loze, Les charbons britanniques ct leur ^puisement (Paris, 1900). Fauna. MacGillivray, British Birds (London, 1837-52) : Yarrell. History of British Birds (3d ed., ib., 1850) ; Staveley, British Insects (ib., 1871) ; Bell, History of British Quadrupeds (ib., 1874) ; Wood. Common British Insects (ib., 1883) ; Seebohm, History of British Birds (ib., 1880) ; Nicholson, Natural History: Its Ri.te and Progress in Britain (Edinburgh, 1886) ; Lyd- dekker, Royal Natural History (London, 1890) ;