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* GRAYLING. 161 sion of the raiifre of the arctic ffrnylinjr. of which this was oiu-e a variety, (irayliiij^'s are caii<;lit by the same tackle ami methocls of llylishiiiir ;,s are used for brooktrout. and arc in lii^^h esteem with both anglers ami epicures. Consult I'ritli, The liniik I, I Ihr GnijiUiuj (London, 1888). GRAY PIKE. ( 1 ) A local name of the sauger (q.v.l. and ( 2 ) of the common Eastern pickerel; also 'Lireeii pike.' GRAY'S INN. One of the four great inns of court, or uTiilds of lawyers, in England. The society of Gray's Inn was instituted about the be ginning of the sixteenth century. It had asso- ciated with it two inns of Chancery, Barnard's Inn and Staple Inn. See Inns of Court. GRAY SNAKE. A dangerous elapine snake of Australia, of the genus Diamenia. Several species are found in large numbers. The most common {Didrarnia reticulata) is two or three feet long, luiiform gray above and greenish be- low, with a black and a yellow circle around each eye. It frequents sandy regions, and its bite is of little account; but some of its larger con- geners are deadly. GRAY SNAPPER. A fish. See Snapper. GRAY'SON, William (?-1790). An Ameri- can Revolutionary soldier, born in Prince Wil- liam County. Va. He was educated in England, graduating at O.xford, and studying law at the Inner Temple, after which he returned to America, and began the practice of his profession in Dum- fries, Md. He ardently espoused the cause of the ( olonies, was an active worker in the pre-Revolu- tionary movement, and in August, 1770, was ap- pointed an aide-de-camp on the staff of Washing- ton. In the following year he became colonel of a Virginia regiment, which he commanded with distinction at the battle of Monmouth. He acted, at Washington's appointment, as a commissioner to treat with General Howa, concerning the ex- change of prisoners, and in 1780-81 was a mem- ber of the board of war. After the fall of York- town he settled in Virginia and resumed the prac- tice of law, soon winning distinction through his scholarship and oratorical powers. He was a member of the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1787. In 1788 he was a delegate to the conven- tion called in Virginia to consider the new Fed- eral Constitution, and with Patrick Henry led the opposition to its ratification. In 1780 he was chosen one of the Senators from Virginia in the first National Congress, but died in the follow- ing year. GRAY'S PEAK. One of the highest peaks of the Koeky Mountains in Colorado, on the border of Summit County, 12 miles soutluvest of George- town. It is 14. .341 feet high, and was named after Dr. .Asa Gray, the botanist. GRAY'S THUR'ROCK. A town in Essex, England, on the Thames. Ol-o miles southeast of Komford (^lap: England, Go). It has a large trade in building materials. The Hhaftexhury and Exmouth. industrial training ships of the London School P>oard, are anchored here. Pojnila- tion, in 1801, 12,400; in 1001. 14.000. GRAY TROUT. A Southern local name for the squeteague (q.v.) ; also 'shad trout' and 'sun trout.' GRAY'WACKE, gra'wiik (ijraii + Ger. 'n'ncK-r, projecting rock). A name applied to cer- tain fragmental rocks, usually gray in color, GREASE. which are cemented by an argillaceous or sili- ceous paste. The fragmental materials may in- clude quartz, feldspar, slate, and other materials and rocks. The name is' falling into <lisuse, as iiKidern petrograplu'rs prefer to classify the va- rieties of graywacke with slates, sandstones, schists, etc., according to the structure and composition. GRAY WHALE. A migratory whale (Rlui- chiaiiectcs (/laucux) of the .Norlh Pacific. It is one of tlie rorquals (liala-nciplcrichc), is 'S5 to 40 feet long, mottled gray to blackish. in color, and yields about twenty-three barrels of oil. The baleen is short, light-ccdored, and of little value. These whales spend the sunnner in Hering Sea and northward, and in the autunm return south- waTd, where the females enter the bays of south- ern California to produce their young. It is during this autumnal migration that the whale- men go after them from shore stations. Former- ly the animals passed close along shore in great herds; but soon after this style of fishing began, they learned to keep far out from land. 'Gray- back,' "hardhead,' and 'mussel-digger,' are other local names, the last in referencelo the animal's diving, and coming up with mud on its lips. It is one of the fiercest fighters, and the hardest to kill, of all whales. GRAZ, griits. See Gratz. GRAZZINI, gratse'ne, Antonio Francesco n5U3-84). An Italian poet and author, born at Florence. Little is known of his personal his- tory except that he was an apothecary. He was one of the founders of the Aecadcmia degli Umidi, afterwards the Aecadcmia dcUa Fioren- tina (1540), and took the name of 'II Lasca' (the barbel), by which lie was always known. Owing to a quarrel, Grazzini was excluded from the academy. In 15.)0 he was the main organizer of the Aecadcmia della Crusca, which had for its object the purifying of the Italian language. He wrote a number of comedies, such as La gploma (lofiS), and La spiritata (1501), verses, usually celebrating quarrels between himself and his academic brethren, and stories in the man- ner of Boccaccio. The stories, part of them published as Le Cene (1750), are models of prose, and vivid pictures of the Florentine life of his time. A selection from Grazzini's works was made by Fanfani, under the title, Le Cene ed altre prose (1857), and Commedie (1859). GREASE (OF. gresse, graisse, Fr. graisse, feni. of gras, fat. from Lat. crnsxus. thick). A term of general application to all oily or fatty matters, but generally to those having some de- gree of solidity, as tallow, suet, and lard. It is often applied to fatty matters which are so de- teriorated with dirt or other impurities as to be unfit for 7nanufactures which require some decree of i)urity in the material. Grease is largely em- ployed as a lubricant for machinery, and "espe- cially for the wheels of carriages. The grease employed for the axles of carriages and carts consists of the most inferior kinds of grease mixed with a liltle tar. Raifiiai/ grease is, in reality, a kind of soap, a small portion of soda being mingled with the materials to eirect an imperfect saponification. The object is to pre- vent the too rapid melting of the material, which, without this precaution, would be excessively rapid, owing to the heat caused by the friction of the rapidly revolving wheels. It is also made